高分辨率耦合地球系统模型中的南大洋融冰和致密水形成

IF 4.4 2区 地球科学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL Cryosphere Pub Date : 2023-07-11 DOI:10.5194/tc-17-2681-2023
Hyein Jeong, A. Turner, A. Roberts, M. Veneziani, S. Price, X. Asay-Davis, Luke P. van Roekel, Wuyin Lin, P. Caldwell, Hyo‐Seok Park, J. Wolfe, A. Mametjanov
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摘要

摘要南极海岸冰裂带产生稠密的陆架水,这是南极底水的主要来源,有助于全球翻转环流。本文在高能e级地球系统模型(E3SM-HR)的高分辨率版本中研究了南极致密水的形成。该模型能够重现南极主要的海岸冰融区,尽管这些冰融区的面积比观测到的要小。e3ms - hr还模拟了威德尔海开放海洋多冰(OOPs)的几次发生,其频率高于过去50年卫星海冰观测记录所显示的,但与其他高分辨率地球系统模型模拟相似。此外,模式中密度最大的水团是在海洋外大陆架内形成的,而不是通常观察到的在大陆架上形成的。与大陆架上缺乏密集水形成有关的偏置与过于强烈的大气极地东风有关,这导致了强烈的南极坡锋和大陆架内外水团之间的交换太少。强烈的极地东风也会产生过度的向南埃克曼运输,导致大陆架上的海冰积聚,并在夏季加速冰融化。这反过来又在大陆架上产生了相对于观测结果来说过于新鲜和密度较低的水团。我们的结果表明,仅靠高分辨率不足以使模式正确地再现南极稠密水;南极洲周围的大尺度极地大气环流也必须精确模拟。
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Southern Ocean polynyas and dense water formation in a high-resolution, coupled Earth system model
Abstract. Antarctic coastal polynyas produce dense shelf water, a primary source of Antarctic Bottom Water that contributes to the global overturning circulation. This paper investigates Antarctic dense water formation in the high-resolution version of the Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM-HR). The model is able to reproduce the main Antarctic coastal polynyas, although the polynyas are smaller in area compared to observations. E3SM-HR also simulates several occurrences of open-ocean polynyas (OOPs) in the Weddell Sea at a higher rate than what the last 50 years of the satellite sea ice observational record suggests, but similarly to other high-resolution Earth system model simulations. Furthermore, the densest water masses in the model are formed within the OOPs rather than on the continental shelf as is typically observed. Biases related to the lack of dense water formation on the continental shelf are associated with overly strong atmospheric polar easterlies, which lead to a strong Antarctic Slope Front and too little exchange between on- and off-continental shelf water masses. Strong polar easterlies also produce excessive southward Ekman transport, causing a build-up of sea ice over the continental shelf and enhanced ice melting in the summer season. This, in turn, produces water masses on the continental shelf that are overly fresh and less dense relative to observations. Our results indicate that high resolution alone is insufficient for models to properly reproduce Antarctic dense water; the large-scale polar atmospheric circulation around Antarctica must also be accurately simulated.
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来源期刊
Cryosphere
Cryosphere GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL-GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
CiteScore
8.70
自引率
17.30%
发文量
240
审稿时长
4-8 weeks
期刊介绍: The Cryosphere (TC) is a not-for-profit international scientific journal dedicated to the publication and discussion of research articles, short communications, and review papers on all aspects of frozen water and ground on Earth and on other planetary bodies. The main subject areas are the following: ice sheets and glaciers; planetary ice bodies; permafrost and seasonally frozen ground; seasonal snow cover; sea ice; river and lake ice; remote sensing, numerical modelling, in situ and laboratory studies of the above and including studies of the interaction of the cryosphere with the rest of the climate system.
期刊最新文献
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