Hyein Jeong, A. Turner, A. Roberts, M. Veneziani, S. Price, X. Asay-Davis, Luke P. van Roekel, Wuyin Lin, P. Caldwell, Hyo‐Seok Park, J. Wolfe, A. Mametjanov
{"title":"高分辨率耦合地球系统模型中的南大洋融冰和致密水形成","authors":"Hyein Jeong, A. Turner, A. Roberts, M. Veneziani, S. Price, X. Asay-Davis, Luke P. van Roekel, Wuyin Lin, P. Caldwell, Hyo‐Seok Park, J. Wolfe, A. Mametjanov","doi":"10.5194/tc-17-2681-2023","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Antarctic coastal polynyas produce dense shelf water, a primary source of Antarctic Bottom Water that contributes to the global overturning\ncirculation. This paper investigates Antarctic dense water formation in the high-resolution version of the Energy Exascale Earth System Model\n(E3SM-HR). The model is able to reproduce the main Antarctic coastal polynyas, although the polynyas are smaller in area compared to\nobservations. E3SM-HR also simulates several occurrences of open-ocean polynyas (OOPs) in the Weddell Sea at a higher rate than what the last\n50 years of the satellite sea ice observational record suggests, but similarly to other high-resolution Earth system model simulations. Furthermore,\nthe densest water masses in the model are formed within the OOPs rather than on the continental shelf as is typically observed. Biases related to\nthe lack of dense water formation on the continental shelf are associated with overly strong atmospheric polar easterlies, which lead to a strong\nAntarctic Slope Front and too little exchange between on- and off-continental shelf water masses. Strong polar easterlies also produce excessive\nsouthward Ekman transport, causing a build-up of sea ice over the continental shelf and enhanced ice melting in the summer season. This, in turn,\nproduces water masses on the continental shelf that are overly fresh and less dense relative to observations. Our results indicate that high\nresolution alone is insufficient for models to properly reproduce Antarctic dense water; the large-scale polar atmospheric circulation around\nAntarctica must also be accurately simulated.\n","PeriodicalId":56315,"journal":{"name":"Cryosphere","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4000,"publicationDate":"2023-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Southern Ocean polynyas and dense water formation in a high-resolution, coupled Earth system model\",\"authors\":\"Hyein Jeong, A. Turner, A. Roberts, M. Veneziani, S. Price, X. Asay-Davis, Luke P. van Roekel, Wuyin Lin, P. Caldwell, Hyo‐Seok Park, J. Wolfe, A. Mametjanov\",\"doi\":\"10.5194/tc-17-2681-2023\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"Abstract. Antarctic coastal polynyas produce dense shelf water, a primary source of Antarctic Bottom Water that contributes to the global overturning\\ncirculation. This paper investigates Antarctic dense water formation in the high-resolution version of the Energy Exascale Earth System Model\\n(E3SM-HR). The model is able to reproduce the main Antarctic coastal polynyas, although the polynyas are smaller in area compared to\\nobservations. E3SM-HR also simulates several occurrences of open-ocean polynyas (OOPs) in the Weddell Sea at a higher rate than what the last\\n50 years of the satellite sea ice observational record suggests, but similarly to other high-resolution Earth system model simulations. Furthermore,\\nthe densest water masses in the model are formed within the OOPs rather than on the continental shelf as is typically observed. Biases related to\\nthe lack of dense water formation on the continental shelf are associated with overly strong atmospheric polar easterlies, which lead to a strong\\nAntarctic Slope Front and too little exchange between on- and off-continental shelf water masses. Strong polar easterlies also produce excessive\\nsouthward Ekman transport, causing a build-up of sea ice over the continental shelf and enhanced ice melting in the summer season. This, in turn,\\nproduces water masses on the continental shelf that are overly fresh and less dense relative to observations. Our results indicate that high\\nresolution alone is insufficient for models to properly reproduce Antarctic dense water; the large-scale polar atmospheric circulation around\\nAntarctica must also be accurately simulated.\\n\",\"PeriodicalId\":56315,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Cryosphere\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":4.4000,\"publicationDate\":\"2023-07-11\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Cryosphere\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"89\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-2681-2023\",\"RegionNum\":2,\"RegionCategory\":\"地球科学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Cryosphere","FirstCategoryId":"89","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-2681-2023","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL","Score":null,"Total":0}
Southern Ocean polynyas and dense water formation in a high-resolution, coupled Earth system model
Abstract. Antarctic coastal polynyas produce dense shelf water, a primary source of Antarctic Bottom Water that contributes to the global overturning
circulation. This paper investigates Antarctic dense water formation in the high-resolution version of the Energy Exascale Earth System Model
(E3SM-HR). The model is able to reproduce the main Antarctic coastal polynyas, although the polynyas are smaller in area compared to
observations. E3SM-HR also simulates several occurrences of open-ocean polynyas (OOPs) in the Weddell Sea at a higher rate than what the last
50 years of the satellite sea ice observational record suggests, but similarly to other high-resolution Earth system model simulations. Furthermore,
the densest water masses in the model are formed within the OOPs rather than on the continental shelf as is typically observed. Biases related to
the lack of dense water formation on the continental shelf are associated with overly strong atmospheric polar easterlies, which lead to a strong
Antarctic Slope Front and too little exchange between on- and off-continental shelf water masses. Strong polar easterlies also produce excessive
southward Ekman transport, causing a build-up of sea ice over the continental shelf and enhanced ice melting in the summer season. This, in turn,
produces water masses on the continental shelf that are overly fresh and less dense relative to observations. Our results indicate that high
resolution alone is insufficient for models to properly reproduce Antarctic dense water; the large-scale polar atmospheric circulation around
Antarctica must also be accurately simulated.
期刊介绍:
The Cryosphere (TC) is a not-for-profit international scientific journal dedicated to the publication and discussion of research articles, short communications, and review papers on all aspects of frozen water and ground on Earth and on other planetary bodies.
The main subject areas are the following:
ice sheets and glaciers;
planetary ice bodies;
permafrost and seasonally frozen ground;
seasonal snow cover;
sea ice;
river and lake ice;
remote sensing, numerical modelling, in situ and laboratory studies of the above and including studies of the interaction of the cryosphere with the rest of the climate system.