饲粮中添加桉树叶对泌乳水牛生产性能的影响

Said Mahmoud, N. Eweedah, H. Gaafar, M. El-Nahrawy, Sherif Ibrahim Al-Ajawi
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引用次数: 1

摘要

研究了新鲜和干燥桉树叶对泌乳水牛采食量、消化率、瘤胃发酵活性、血清生化、产奶量和成分、饲料转化率和经济效益的影响。在产仔8周(高峰期)后,采用完全随机设计的方法,将20头平均体重550kg的哺乳期第3和第5个哺乳季节的哺乳期多胎埃及水牛分为5组,每组4头,根据产奶量和活体重。动物分别以基础日粮(BR)喂养,基础日粮由40%的浓缩饲料混合物(CFM)、30%的新鲜浆果(FB)和30%的稻草(RS)组成。第一组未补充,作为对照组(G1)。对于低水平(G2)和高水平(G3),第二组和第三组每天每人补充50和100g新鲜桉树叶。对于低水平(G4)和高水平(G5),第四组和第五组的动物每人每天补充15和30g干桉树叶。G3显著记录了所有营养物质的最高消化率系数和喂养值,其次是G2、G5和G4,而对照组(G1)的值最低。添加桉树叶后,瘤胃pH值有降低的趋势。第3组的TVFA最高,NH3-N浓度最低,其次是G2、G5和G4,而G1组则相反。此外,G3显著显示血清中总蛋白和球蛋白浓度最高,尿素、尿素氮和肌酐以及SGOT和SGPT酶活性最低,其次是G2、G5和G4,而G1的值相反。然而,不同组的血清白蛋白浓度几乎相似。第3组显著记录了最高的采食量(DM、TDN和DCP)、实际牛奶产量和7%的FCM、牛奶成分(脂肪、蛋白质、乳糖、SNF、TS和灰分)和牛奶成分产量,其次是G2、G5和G4,而G1的值最低。此外,G3每1kg 7%FCM的DM、TDN和DCP含量最低,其次是G2、G5和G4,而G1的含量最高。同时,G3的饲料成本、7%FCM产量、净收入和经济效益最高,每公斤饲料成本最低7%FCM,其次是G2、G5和G4,而G1的数值相反。总之,添加100g/头/天的新鲜桉树叶对泌乳水牛的采食量、消化率、瘤胃发酵活性、部分血清生化、产奶量和成分、饲料转化率和经济效益的改善最好。
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Effect of Eucalyptus Leaves Supplementation in Ration on Lactating Buffaloes Performance
The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of fresh and dry eucalyptus leaves on feed intake, digestibility, rumen fermentation activity, blood serum biochemical, milk yield and composition, feed conversion and economic efficiency of lactating buffaloes. Twenty lactating multiparous Egyptian buffaloes in 3rd and 5th lactation seasons and weighed 550 kg on average were used in complete randomized design after 8 weeks of calving (peak period) and assigned into five similar groups of four buffaloes each according to milk yield and live body weight. Animals were individually fed on a basal ration (BR) consisted of 40% concentrate feed mixture (CFM), 30% fresh berseem (FB) and 30% rice straw (RS). The first group was un supplemented and served as a control group (G1). Those in the second and third groups were supplemented with 50 and 100 g of fresh eucalyptus leaves per head per day for low level (G2) and high level (G3). Animals in the fourth and fifth groups were supplemented with 15 and 30 g of dry eucalyptus leaves per head per day for low level (G4) and high level (G5). G3 recorded significantly the highest digestibility coefficients of all nutrients and feeding values followed by G2, G5 and G4, whereas control one (G1) had the lowest values. Ruminal pH value tended to decreased with Eucalyptus leaves additive. Group 3 showed significantly the highest TVFA’s and the lowest NH3-N concentration followed by G2, G5 and G4, while G1 had the opposite trend. Moreover, G3 revealed significantly the highest concentrations of total protein and globulin and the lowest urea, urea-N and creatinine and activity of SGOT and SGPT enzymes in blood serum followed by G2, G5 and G4, while G1 had reverse values. However, serum albumin concentration was nearly similar for the different groups. Group 3 recorded significantly the highest feed intake (DM, TDN and DCP), yield of actual milk and 7% FCM, milk composition (fat, protein, lactose, SNF, TS and ash) and milk constituents yield followed by G2, G5 and G4, while G1 had the lowest values. Also, G3 recorded significantly the lowest amounts of DM, TDN and DCP per 1 kg 7% FCM followed by G2, G5 and G4, while G1 had the highest amounts. At the same time, G3 recorded significantly the highest values of feed cost, output of 7% FCM yield, net revenue and economic efficiency and the lowest feed cost per kg 7% FCM followed by G2, G5 and G4, while G1 had the opposite values. In conclusion, addition of fresh eucalyptus leaves at the level of 100 g/head/day recorded the best improvements in feed intake, digestibility, rumen fermentation activity, some blood serum biochemical, milk yield and composition, feed conversion and economic efficiency of lactating buffaloes.  
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