Factors influencing myogenic differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells and their application in muscle regeneration

Skeletal muscle regeneration mainly depends on muscle satellite cells; however, these cells are not sufficient for supporting repair and regeneration in volumetric muscle loss (VML), Duchenne muscular dystrophy, and other muscle injuries or muscle diseases. As such, much work has been conducted in recent years to search for myogenic stem cells. Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) have a wide range of sources, rapid growth, and multi-directional differentiation potential, and have become vital candidates for muscle regeneration. Multiple factors influence the myogenic differentiation capacity of ADSCs. This paper reviews the regulatory aspects and possible factors that have been identified in recent years to affect myogenic differentiation of ADSCs. Based on these factors, gene editing, and perfusion concepts, a method was proposed to achieve maximal differentiation efficiency of ADSCs. This study focused on the application of ADSCs in muscle regeneration and disease. Based on the importance of myogenic differentiation of ADSCs for the repair and regeneration of muscle damage, this study provides a basis for future research surrounding the efficient induction of myogenic differentiation of ADSCs in vitro.