社会资本、网络与经济福祉

4区 法学 Q1 Social Sciences Future of Children Pub Date : 2020-03-22 DOI:10.1353/foc.2020.0002
J. Hellerstein, D. Neumark
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引用次数: 6

摘要

摘要:学者和政策制定者对了解社会资本如何塑造人们的经济生活越来越感兴趣。但社会资本的概念是无定形的。在这篇文章中,经济学家Judy Hellerstein和David Neumark将社会资本定义为人们之间的关系网络,这些人通过生活或工作地点联系在一起。因此,与人力资本相比,社会资本存在于人与人之间的联系,而不是人的个人特征。作者利用调查证据、案例研究和行政数据证明,社会资本网络在改善福祉方面发挥着重要作用,尤其是在改善劳动力市场结果方面。他们写道,劳动力市场网络提供非正式的保险或风险分担,并促进信息的传递(关于个人的工作机会和企业的潜在员工)。此外,网络个人的选择和结果会影响网络中的其他人,这种现象被称为同伴效应。有证据表明,在找工作时,人际网络对低技能工人和移民尤为重要。Hellerstein和Neumark还报告了一些关于社区网络如何影响儿童健康和教育结果的有限证据。在整个过程中,他们讨论了政策如何加强(或无意中削弱)网络的有益影响。
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Social Capital, Networks, and Economic Wellbeing
Summary:Scholars and policy makers alike are increasingly interested in understanding how social capital shapes people’s economic lives. But the idea of social capital is an amorphous one. In this article, economists Judy Hellerstein and David Neumark define social capital as networks of relationships among people who are connected by where they live or work. Thus social capital, in contrast to human capital, resides in the connections among people rather than their individual characteristics.The authors draw on survey evidence, case studies, and administrative data to document that social capital networks play an important role in improving wellbeing, especially in terms of better labor market outcomes. Labor market networks, they write, provide informal insurance or risk sharing, and they facilitate the transfer of information (about job opportunities for individuals, and about potential employees for businesses). Moreover, networked individuals’ choices and outcomes affect others in the network, a phenomenon known as peer effects.The evidence suggests that when it comes to getting a job, networks are especially important to low-skilled workers and immigrants. Hellerstein and Neumark also report some limited evidence on how neighborhood networks may shape children’s health and educational outcomes. Throughout, they discuss how policy might strengthen (or inadvertently weaken) the beneficial effects of networks.
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Future of Children
Future of Children Multiple-
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期刊介绍: The Future of Children is a collaboration of the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs at Princeton University and the Brookings Institution. The mission of The Future of Children is to translate the best social science research about children and youth into information that is useful to policymakers, practitioners, grant-makers, advocates, the media, and students of public policy. The project publishes two journals and policy briefs each year, and provides various short summaries of our work. Topics range widely -- from income policy to family issues to education and health – with children’s policy as the unifying element. The senior editorial team is diverse, representing two institutions and multiple disciplines.
期刊最新文献
Introducing the Issue Introducing the Issue Scaling Early Childhood Evidence-Based Interventions through RPPs Building Capacity for Research and Practice: A Partnership Approach A Unique Opportunity for Education Policy Makers
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