澳大利亚东南部免耕小麦(Triticum aestivum)种植序列中抗除草剂一年生黑麦草(Lolium rigidum)的多种系统和策略的经济有效管理

IF 1.8 4区 农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Crop & Pasture Science Pub Date : 2023-02-28 DOI:10.1071/CP22370
A. Swan, Laura Goward, J. Hunt, J. Kirkegaard, M. Peoples
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引用次数: 0

摘要

抽象的上下文。抗除草剂一年生黑麦草;ARG是全球范围内具有重要商业意义的主要杂草,包括澳大利亚东南部的免耕小麦生产系统。目标比较不同作物序列和不同杂草管理强度在旱作粮食生产中控制ARG的成本效益。方法。在澳大利亚新南威尔士州南部进行的两项农场研究比较了3年作物序列选择(连作小麦,1年或2年断种)、保守或积极的杂草控制措施、割干草、豆类棕色肥料(BM)和/或无杂草的冬季休耕组合对作物内ARG虫害和土壤种子库的影响。计算了每种处理组合的毛利率,以比较系统的经济性能。关键的结果。由连续种植两种阔叶作物或油菜-谷物干草组成的双重间伐通常是最有利和最有效的ARG控制策略。与连作小麦相比,单一的油菜或黑豆作物、BM、谷类干草和休耕都显著降低了随后的作物内ARG和种子库数量。对小麦采取积极的作物内控制措施比采取断茬措施要昂贵得多。在控制ARG方面取得的成果可能因一年的杂草控制不力而丧失。结论。要减少ARG种子库,需要连续三个季节进行高水平的控制(95%以上),而这是通过多样化的作物序列实现的最具成本效益的方法。的影响。拥有大量ARG的农民可以通过连续种植三种作物来减少种子库,从而实现完全的杂草种子控制。在此之后,必须在随后的几年中持续进行高水平的控制,以保持ARG种子库的低水平。
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Diverse systems and strategies to cost-effectively manage herbicide-resistant annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) in no-till wheat (Triticum aestivum)-based cropping sequences in south-eastern Australia
ABSTRACT Context. Herbicide-resistant annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum; ARG) is a major weed of commercial significance globally, including no-till wheat-based production systems in south-eastern Australia. Aims. To compare the cost-effectiveness of different crop sequences and intensities of weed management to control ARG in rainfed grain production. Methods. Two on-farm studies in southern New South Wales, Australia, compared the effect of combinations of 3-year crop-sequence options (continuous wheat, 1- or 2-years of break crops), conservative or aggressive weed-control measures, hay cuts, legume brown manure (BM), and/or weed-free winter fallow on in-crop ARG infestations and soil seedbanks. Gross margins were calculated for each combination of treatments to compare system economic performance. Key results. Double-breaks consisting of two consecutive broadleaf crops, or canola–cereal hay, were frequently the most profitable and effective ARG control strategies. Single canola or lupin crops, BM, cereal hay, and fallow all significantly reduced subsequent in-crop ARG and seedbank numbers compared with continuous wheat. Aggressive in-crop control measures in wheat were more expensive than those applied to break crops. Gains in ARG control could be lost by a single year of poor weed control. Conclusions. High levels of control (>95%) over three consecutive seasons are required to reduce ARG seedbanks, and this is most cost-effectively achieved with diverse crop sequences. Implications. Farmers with high populations of ARG can reduce seedbanks by growing three crops sequentially that achieve complete weed seed control. This must be followed with ongoing high levels of control in subsequent years to keep ARG seedbanks low.
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来源期刊
Crop & Pasture Science
Crop & Pasture Science AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY-
CiteScore
4.20
自引率
15.80%
发文量
111
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: Crop and Pasture Science (formerly known as Australian Journal of Agricultural Research) is an international journal publishing outcomes of strategic research in crop and pasture sciences and the sustainability of farming systems. The primary focus is broad-scale cereals, grain legumes, oilseeds and pastures. Articles are encouraged that advance understanding in plant-based agricultural systems through the use of well-defined and original aims designed to test a hypothesis, innovative and rigorous experimental design, and strong interpretation. The journal embraces experimental approaches from molecular level to whole systems, and the research must present novel findings and progress the science of agriculture. Crop and Pasture Science is read by agricultural scientists and plant biologists, industry, administrators, policy-makers, and others with an interest in the challenges and opportunities facing world agricultural production. Crop and Pasture Science is published with the endorsement of the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) and the Australian Academy of Science.
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