William R. Low, P. Freeman, Joanne Butt, M. Stoker, I. Maynard
{"title":"压力在训练中的作用和产生:运动员和运动心理学家的观点","authors":"William R. Low, P. Freeman, Joanne Butt, M. Stoker, I. Maynard","doi":"10.1080/10413200.2022.2061637","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Abstract To prepare athletes for psychological pressure of competition, pressure training (PT) systematically applies pressure on athletes during training. This study explored how to create pressure for PT and how PT improves performance in competition. Specifically, it aimed to explore the views of sport psychologists and athletes on: (a) common properties of effective pressure manipulations, and (b) PT’s mechanisms for improving performance under pressure. Eight sport psychologists and eight international-level athletes participated in semi-structured interviews. Thematic analysis identified three properties of effective pressure manipulations: (a) extending the reach of consequences, (b) simulating psychological demands of competition, and (c) approximating, but not replicating, intensity of competition pressure. Analysis also produced three themes that described how PT benefits performance: (a) learn and practice coping skills, (b) “change the relationship” with pressure, and (c) increase the quality of training. Understanding these benefits can help communicate to athletes why they should participate in PT. Lay summary: Pressure in training can help athletes adjust to pressure in competition, and this study found that practitioners can create pressure by applying psychological demands and consequences that have an extended impact on athletes. Athletes can then practice coping skills and learn that pressure does not have to hurt performance. Applied implications To create pressure in training, practitioners should implement pressure manipulations that increase the sense of importance to perform well. These pressure manipulations include consequences that have extended reach or demands that emphasize psychological challenges of competition. PT helps athletes train mental skills learned in workshops or one-on-one consulting.","PeriodicalId":50255,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Sport Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7000,"publicationDate":"2022-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"7","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"The role and creation of pressure in training: Perspectives of athletes and sport psychologists\",\"authors\":\"William R. Low, P. Freeman, Joanne Butt, M. Stoker, I. Maynard\",\"doi\":\"10.1080/10413200.2022.2061637\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"Abstract To prepare athletes for psychological pressure of competition, pressure training (PT) systematically applies pressure on athletes during training. This study explored how to create pressure for PT and how PT improves performance in competition. Specifically, it aimed to explore the views of sport psychologists and athletes on: (a) common properties of effective pressure manipulations, and (b) PT’s mechanisms for improving performance under pressure. Eight sport psychologists and eight international-level athletes participated in semi-structured interviews. Thematic analysis identified three properties of effective pressure manipulations: (a) extending the reach of consequences, (b) simulating psychological demands of competition, and (c) approximating, but not replicating, intensity of competition pressure. Analysis also produced three themes that described how PT benefits performance: (a) learn and practice coping skills, (b) “change the relationship” with pressure, and (c) increase the quality of training. Understanding these benefits can help communicate to athletes why they should participate in PT. Lay summary: Pressure in training can help athletes adjust to pressure in competition, and this study found that practitioners can create pressure by applying psychological demands and consequences that have an extended impact on athletes. Athletes can then practice coping skills and learn that pressure does not have to hurt performance. Applied implications To create pressure in training, practitioners should implement pressure manipulations that increase the sense of importance to perform well. These pressure manipulations include consequences that have extended reach or demands that emphasize psychological challenges of competition. 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The role and creation of pressure in training: Perspectives of athletes and sport psychologists
Abstract To prepare athletes for psychological pressure of competition, pressure training (PT) systematically applies pressure on athletes during training. This study explored how to create pressure for PT and how PT improves performance in competition. Specifically, it aimed to explore the views of sport psychologists and athletes on: (a) common properties of effective pressure manipulations, and (b) PT’s mechanisms for improving performance under pressure. Eight sport psychologists and eight international-level athletes participated in semi-structured interviews. Thematic analysis identified three properties of effective pressure manipulations: (a) extending the reach of consequences, (b) simulating psychological demands of competition, and (c) approximating, but not replicating, intensity of competition pressure. Analysis also produced three themes that described how PT benefits performance: (a) learn and practice coping skills, (b) “change the relationship” with pressure, and (c) increase the quality of training. Understanding these benefits can help communicate to athletes why they should participate in PT. Lay summary: Pressure in training can help athletes adjust to pressure in competition, and this study found that practitioners can create pressure by applying psychological demands and consequences that have an extended impact on athletes. Athletes can then practice coping skills and learn that pressure does not have to hurt performance. Applied implications To create pressure in training, practitioners should implement pressure manipulations that increase the sense of importance to perform well. These pressure manipulations include consequences that have extended reach or demands that emphasize psychological challenges of competition. PT helps athletes train mental skills learned in workshops or one-on-one consulting.
期刊介绍:
The Journal of Applied Sport Psychology (JASP) is a refereed journal designed to significantly advance thought, theory, and research on applied aspects of sport and exercise psychology. Submissions such as experimental studies, qualitative research, correlational studies, case studies, position papers, critical reviews, theoretical developments specific to applied research conducted in sport and/or exercise settings, or having significant applied implications to sport and exercise, are appropriate content for the JASP. Please see the recent Editorial for further details on the aims and scope of the journal. JASP is a non-proprietary journal that is an official publication of the Association for Applied Sport Psychology (AASP). The purpose of AASP is to promote the development of psychological theory, research, and intervention strategies in sport and exercise psychology. The Journal is a direct benefit of membership in AASP and is received by its student and professional members. The publisher of the JASP is Taylor and Francis, Inc. of Philadelphia, PA.