《畜牧国家不能临时凑合》:1910 - 1940年莫桑比克南部的养牛改良、经济抱负和环境

IF 0.4 3区 历史学 Q1 HISTORY South African Historical Journal Pub Date : 2022-04-03 DOI:10.1080/02582473.2022.2064909
Bárbara Direito
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引用次数: 0

摘要

摘要由于没有采采蝇,而且有大片的牧场和肥沃的河谷,历史上,牛一直是莫桑比克南部非洲农牧社会生活的中心。二十世纪初,葡萄牙官员开始对扩大畜牧业经济以供应国内外市场感兴趣。但各种疾病、不规律的降雨和周期性的干旱带来了许多挑战。与熟悉的比喻相呼应,殖民地官员认为当地畜牧业做法落后且不经济,并认为本土品种兰迪姆牛基本上毫无用处。关于兰迪姆品种是否可以改进,或者流行的进口品种是否能够成功适应当地条件,争论随之而来。本文讨论了1910年代至1940年代莫桑比克南部官方畜牧政策的演变。它调查了关于养牛的动物技术辩论是如何受到流行科学理论、经济愿望和特定地区背景的影响的,也受到对非洲和外来品种的看法以及对当地环境的态度的影响。这篇文章揭示了该地区主要的养牛者非洲人是如何对这些事态发展做出重大反应的。
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‘A Livestock Country Cannot Be Improvised’: Cattle Improvement, Economic Ambitions, and the Environment in Southern Mozambique, 1910s–1940s
ABSTRACT Due to the absence of the tsetse fly and the existence of large areas of pasture and fertile river valleys, bovine cattle have historically been central in the lives of African agro-pastoral societies in southern Mozambique. In the beginning of the twentieth century, Portuguese officials became interested in the expansion of the livestock economy to supply internal and external markets. But various diseases, irregular rainfall, and periodic drought posed numerous challenges. Echoing familiar tropes, colonial officials perceived local animal husbandry practices as backward and uneconomic, and argued that Landim cattle, the indigenous breed, was mostly useless. Debates ensued on whether the Landim breed could be improved or popular imported breeds successfully acclimatised to local conditions. This article discusses the evolution of official livestock policies for southern Mozambique between the 1910s and the 1940s. It investigates the way zootechnical debates concerning cattle improvement were influenced by popular scientific theories, economic aspirations, and a specific regional context, but also by perceptions of African and exotic breeds and attitudes towards the local environment. The article sheds light on how Africans, the main cattle owners in the region, responded in significant ways to these developments.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
0.70
自引率
0.00%
发文量
37
期刊介绍: Over the past 40 years, the South African Historical Journal has become renowned and internationally regarded as a premier history journal published in South Africa, promoting significant historical scholarship on the country as well as the southern African region. The journal, which is linked to the Southern African Historical Society, has provided a high-quality medium for original thinking about South African history and has thus shaped - and continues to contribute towards defining - the historiography of the region.
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