Improving Social Anxiety and Social Responsiveness in Autism Spectrum Disorder through PEERS®

ABSTRACT Autistic individuals often experience anxiety at higher rates than typically developing individuals, which could worsen social impairment. While anxiety is highly linked to social skills, social anxiety symptoms have not often been investigated within the context of social skills interventions. The present study compared changes in social anxiety and social responsiveness in 154 adolescents and young adults on the autism spectrum participating in the Program for the Education and Enrichment of Relational Skills (PEERS®) social skills intervention. Results indicate that social anxiety symptoms significantly improved following treatment for both adolescents and young adults. Although young adults reported higher levels of anxiety overall, age group did not moderate social anxiety outcome, with both groups demonstrating comparable social anxiety improvements following treatment. Further, greater improvements in social responsiveness following PEERS® were associated with greater reductions in social anxiety symptoms. We also examined reporter agreement (e.g., self- and caregiver-reports), which indicated these reports were largely consistent, though correlations between adolescent and caregiver-report increased from pre- to post-treatment. Findings suggest that social skills interventions may play a critical role in the reduction of mental health symptoms, such as anxiety symptoms, for autistic adolescents and young adults.