Translation, validation, and reliability of the Malay version chrononutrition profile-questionnaire (CPQ-M) in Malaysian adult populations

ABSTRACT Several observations have shown that meal timing and dietary components – chrononutrition – may contribute to the onset of several chronic diseases. It is vital to have a reliable questionnaire specifically for the population to assess the general chrononutrition behaviour. Thus, this study aimed to translate, validate, and test the reliability of the chrononutrition profile questionnaire (CPQ-M) for Malaysian adult population. A total of 202 Malaysian adults aged 18 to 65 years volunteered to participate in this study through a self-administered electronic form questionnaire. The construct validity was determined by exploratory factor analysis (EFA) with varimax rotation. The internal consistency was determined by Cronbach’s alpha coefficient (CAC), while the test–retest reliability was conducted using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The EFA of CPQ-M retained 18 items in a six-factor structure and explained 60.06% of the variance. The 18 items in both CPQ-M and original English CPQ (CPQ-E) were well correlated (r = 0.84 to 1.0). Of 17 items in the questionnaire, it showed good to excellent test–retest reliability (ICC: 0.82 to 0.97), except night eating habits (ICC value = 0.65). The overall CAC for CPQ-M was 0.75, indicating good internal consistency. The CPQ-M was shown to have good validity and reliability to assess the chrononutrition profile among Malaysian adults.