To Code-Switch or Not to Code-Switch: The Psychosocial Ramifications of Being Resilient Black Women Engineering and Computing Doctoral Students

ABSTRACT This qualitative study explored how 21 Black women enrolled in engineering and computing doctoral programs characterize and understand how they code-switch. We define code-switching as when Black women consciously or unconsciously modify the way they behave in engineering and computing environments to dissociate themselves from negative stereotypes held against their intersectional identities across gender and race. Utilizing Black feminist thought (BFT) as a theoretical framework, this study found that Black women experienced a host of detrimental challenges. Due to their environments, participants modified how they dressed and spoke in a conscious attempt to avoid reinforcing negative stereotypes held against Black women (i.e., the angry Black woman, the incompetent Black woman scientist, negative connotations of Black sounding names, and respectability politics of Black womanhood) and instead dispel these myths. To cope with the effects of code-switching, Black women relied heavily on their spirituality and identifying ways to reaffirm their Blackness. The implications of the findings indicate that Black women experience stress due to code-switching because of the stereotypes they encounter at the intersection of their gender and race.