泰国东北部Khorat群早白垩世Sao Khua组岩石地层研究

P. Nulay, R. Arjwech
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引用次数: 4

摘要

非海相白垩纪岩石广泛分布于泰国东北部,被称为“红层”的呼叻群。圣华组位于呼拉特群的上半部分,由6个组组成。该地层的命名和定义是在淮圣夸河流域狭窄的PhraWihan组和Phu Phan组之间的岩石类型剖面上进行的,淮圣夸河是一条向西平行于农华兰埔和乌东他尼省之间高速公路的间歇性河流。它包含了泰国最丰富和最多样化的中生代脊椎动物和无脊椎动物化石。Sao Khua组的特点是整个地层具有至少4-5兆旋回的向上细化序列,总厚度在400-700米之间。每个旋回开始于一个通道滞后砾岩,其碎屑完全由重新加工的钙质结核组成。砾岩上覆有细粒至中粒尖砂坝沉积砂岩。最后,每个旋回的顶部被一系列细粒洪泛平原沉积物覆盖,这些沉积物占地层的60%-70%。古土壤普遍存在于洪泛平原层序中的圣花组,其地球化学特征表明古土壤属于半干旱气候。根据岩石地层学,认为圣花组是在半干旱气候条件下由曲流河体系形成的。根据脊椎动物和双壳类动物化石,确定其形成时代为豪特里纪-晚巴雷米亚纪。
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A Review of the Lithostratigraphy of the Early Cretaceous Sao Khua Formation, Khorat Group in Northeastern Thailand
Non-marine Cretaceous rocks are widespread in northeastern Thailand and is well known as “the red bed” Khorat Group. The Sao Khua Formation is in the upper half of the Khorat Group which is comprised of six formations. This formation was named and defined at the type section for the rocks between the restricted PhraWihan Formation and the Phu Phan Formation in the drainage area of the Huai Sao Khua, an intermittent stream that flows westward parallel to the highway between Nong Bua Lamphu and UdonThani Provinces. It contains richest and most diverse vertebrate and invertebrate Mesozoic fossils in Thailand. The Sao Khua Formation is characterized by the sequence of the fining-upward successions of at least 4-5 megacycles throughout the formation with the total thickness ranging between 400-700 meters. Each cycle starts with a channel lag conglomerate which the clasts consist totally of re-worked calcrete nodules. The conglomerates were overlain by fine-to medium-grained sandstones of point bar deposit. Finally, the top part of each cycle was covered by a succession of fine-grained floodplain deposit that makes up 60%-70% of the formation. Paleosols are commonly found in the Sao Khua Formation within the floodplain sequence and their geochemistry indicates a semi-arid paleoclimate. Based on lithostratigraphy, the Sao Khua Formation is interpreted to have been deposited by a meandering river system under a semi-arid climate condition. The age of the formation is assigned as the Hauterivian-Late Barremian based on vertebrate and bivalves fossils.
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