坦桑尼亚Uluguru山区小农对以自然为基础的创收活动作为潜在生计和生物多样性保护战略的看法

Willickister R. Kadigi, Y. Ngaga, R. Kadigi
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引用次数: 1

摘要

基于自然的创收活动可以改善小农户的生计,并在高度退化的生态系统中保护生物多样性。世界各地的各种发展和保护伙伴都在推广这些做法,以应对土地退化和生物多样性丧失。然而,由于其发起人不太了解的原因,它们的采用率仍然很低。这在很大程度上可归因于发起人未能认识到并承认目标社区的看法和优先事项。我们以乌卢古鲁山脉为例,调查农民对NIGA的看法,NIGA有可能提高生计和生物多样性保护。具体而言,我们使用肯德尔协调系数(W)/Kendall's tau、Spearman相关性/Spearman(rho)和Likert量表方法来识别排名靠前的NIGA,并检验以下假设:(a)研究区域的小农户对潜在生计和生物多样性增强NIGA的排名不一致,(b)农林业的推广减少了社区对乌鲁古鲁森林保护区(UFR)木柴、建筑杆和木材的依赖。我们将后者作为生物多样性保护改善的指标。我们发现,农林和养蜂是排名最高的NIGA,研究地区的社区适度减少了对UFR木材产品的依赖。我们得出的结论是,NIGA可以显著改善山区的生计和保护生物多样性。然而,今后促进这些方案的努力应以彻底了解和承认目标受益者的实际需要和优先事项为指导。这对于赢得他们的支持和设计正确的一揽子外联计划至关重要。关键词:乌鲁古鲁山脉,乌鲁古鲁林学保护区,肯德尔一致系数,李克特量表分析,基于自然的创收活动。
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Perceptions of smallholder farmers on nature-based income generating activities as potential livelihood and biodiversity conservation strategies in Uluguru Mountains, Tanzania
Nature-based Income Generating Activities (NIGAs) can enhance livelihoods of smallholder farmers and biodiversity conservation in highly degrading ecosystems. These practices are promoted by various development and conservation partners worldwide to combat land degradation and biodiversity loss. However, their adoption remains low for reasons not well understood by their promoters. This can largely be attributed to the failure of the promoters to recognise and acknowledge the perceptions and priorities of target communities. We use the case of Uluguru Mountains to investigate the perceptions of farmers regarding the NIGAs that have potential to enhance both livelihoods and biodiversity conservation. Specifically, we use the Kendall’s Coefficient of Concordance (W)/Kendall’s tau, the Spearman correlation/Spearman’s (rho), and the Likert scale methods to identify the highly ranked NIGAs and test the hypotheses that: (a) the smallholder farmers in the study area did not agree among themselves about the ranking of potential livelihood and biodiversity-enhancing NIGAs, (b) the promotion of agroforestry has reduced the communities’ reliance on firewood, building poles and wood from the Uluguru Forest Reserve (UFR). We used the latter as an indicator of improved biodiversity conservation. We found that agroforestry and beekeeping were the highly ranked NIGAs and the communities in the study area had moderately reduced their reliance on timber products from UFR. We conclude that NIGAs can significantly enhance livelihoods and conserve biodiversity in mountain areas. However, future efforts to promote them should be guided by a thorough understanding and recognition of the real needs and priorities of target beneficiaries. This is imperative for winning their support and for designing the right outreach package. Key words: Uluguru Mountains, Uluguru Forestry Reserve, Kendall’s coefficient of concordance, Likert scale analysis, nature-based income generating activities.
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