保护地板和退化天花板

IF 1.1 4区 哲学 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Environmental Ethics Pub Date : 2020-11-17 DOI:10.5840/enviroethics2020111613
Alexander Lee, A. Hamilton, B. Hale
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引用次数: 0

摘要

美国的保护政策,无论是在结构上还是在实践中,都给自然资源保护主义者带来了沉重的负担,让他们停止开发项目,而不是让开发倡导者为他们提出的行动辩护。在本文中,我们在几项具有里程碑意义的环境政策中以及在当代关于北极国家野生动物保护区石油钻探的辩论中发现了这种结构性现象。对保护的负担可以从限制的角度来理解,比如保护的“下限”(或最低标准)和退化的“上限”(或上限)。从根本上讲,这些地板和天花板是由潜在的后果主义承诺产生的,这些承诺认为我们的环境活动主要是为了达到目的。一系列直觉引导我们的论点,转而将保护话语从这些后果主义承诺转移到更广泛地为我们公共土地上的活动辩护。
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Conservation Floors and Degradation Ceilings
U.S. conservation policy, both in structure and in practice, places a heavy burden on conservationists to halt development projects, rather than on advocates of development to defend their proposed actions. In this paper, we identify this structural phenomenon in several landmark environmental policies and in practice in the contemporary debate concerning oil drilling in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge. The burdens placed on conservation can be understood in terms of constraints—as conservation ‘floors’ (or minimum standards) and degradation ‘ceilings’ (or upper limits). At base, these floors and ceilings emerge out of underlying consequentialist commitments that assume that our environmental activity can be justified by appeal primarily to ends. A series of intuition pumps guides our argument to instead shift the conservation discourse away from these consequentialist commitments to more widely justify activities on our public lands.
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13
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