超级气候事件

IF 3 Q2 METEOROLOGY & ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES Climate Pub Date : 2023-08-10 DOI:10.3390/cli11080169
J. Overland
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引用次数: 0

摘要

新的极端环境目前正在发生,而且比以前的记录要严重得多。这些大多是由全球变化/当地天气组合引起的区域性、单一事件,比使用气候模型预测的线性温度上升的影响更大。这些新状态不容易被分配概率,因为它们通常没有历史相似性。因此,使用了“超级气候极端”一词。例子包括阿拉斯加北部海洋的海冰损失和生态系统重组,加拿大西部的极端热浪,以及格陵兰岛的降雪损失。几乎每天都有新的极端事件报告,这导致了新的、更高级别的气候变化紧迫性。2018-2019年海冰的减少是北极气温升高和急流变化的结果。它们导致了南风、掠食性鱼类向北移动以及沿海社区粮食安全降低的一系列影响。不列颠哥伦比亚省西南部的气温创下历史新高,此前发生了干旱、两条风暴路径交汇以及大气沉降导致的变暖。格陵兰岛的损失有晴朗的天空和急流事件。这种新的极端现象是目前气候变化的指标。它们的影响源于物理和生态过程之间的相互作用,它们证明了基于超级气候极端的新气候变化类别的成立是合理的。
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Super Climate Events
New environmental extremes are currently underway and are much greater than those in previous records. These are mostly regional, singular events that are caused by global change/local weather combinations and are larger than the impact of linear temperature increases projected using climate models. These new states cannot easily be assigned probabilities because they often have no historical analogs. Thus, the term super climate extremes is used. Examples are the loss of sea ice and ecosystem reorganization in northern marine Alaska, heatwave extreme in western Canada, and the loss of snow in Greenland. New combined extreme occurrences, which are reported almost daily, lead to a new, higher level of climate change urgency. The loss of sea ice in 2018–2019 was a result of warmer Arctic temperatures and changes in the jet stream. They resulted in a chain of impacts from southerly winds, the northward movement of predatory fish, and the reduction of food security for coastal communities. Record temperatures were measured in southwestern British Columbia following previous drought conditions, a confluence of two storm tracks, and warming through atmospheric subsidence. Greenland’s losses had clear skies and jet stream events. Such new extremes are present indicators of climate change. Their impacts result from the interaction between physical and ecological processes, and they justify the creation of a new climate change category based on super climate extremes.
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来源期刊
Climate
Climate Earth and Planetary Sciences-Atmospheric Science
CiteScore
5.50
自引率
5.40%
发文量
172
审稿时长
11 weeks
期刊介绍: Climate is an independent, international and multi-disciplinary open access journal focusing on climate processes of the earth, covering all scales and involving modelling and observation methods. The scope of Climate includes: Global climate Regional climate Urban climate Multiscale climate Polar climate Tropical climate Climate downscaling Climate process and sensitivity studies Climate dynamics Climate variability (Interseasonal, interannual to decadal) Feedbacks between local, regional, and global climate change Anthropogenic climate change Climate and monsoon Cloud and precipitation predictions Past, present, and projected climate change Hydroclimate.
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