{"title":"一个没有部分θ函数零点的域","authors":"V. Kostov","doi":"10.30970/ms.58.2.142-158","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"The partial theta function is the sum of the series \\medskip\\centerline{$\\displaystyle\\theta (q,x):=\\sum\\nolimits _{j=0}^{\\infty}q^{j(j+1)/2}x^j$,}\\medskip\\noi where $q$is a real or complex parameter ($|q|<1$). Its name is due to similaritieswith the formula for the Jacobi theta function$\\Theta (q,x):=\\sum _{j=-\\infty}^{\\infty}q^{j^2}x^j$. The function $\\theta$ has been considered in Ramanujan's lost notebook. Itfinds applicationsin several domains, such as Ramanujan type$q$-series, the theory of (mock) modular forms, asymptotic analysis, statistical physics, combinatorics and most recently in the study of section-hyperbolic polynomials,i.~e. real polynomials with all coefficients positive,with all roots real negative and all whose sections (i.~e. truncations)are also real-rooted.For each $q$ fixed,$\\theta$ is an entire function of order $0$ in the variable~$x$. When$q$ is real and $q\\in (0,0.3092\\ldots )$, $\\theta (q,.)$ is a function of theLaguerre-P\\'olyaclass $\\mathcal{L-P}I$. More generally, for $q \\in (0,1)$, the function $\\theta (q,.)$ is the product of a realpolynomialwithout real zeros and a function of the class $\\mathcal{L-P}I$. Thus it isan entire function withinfinitely-many negative, with no positive and with finitely-many complexconjugate zeros. The latter are known to belongto an explicitly defined compact domain containing $0$ andindependent of $q$ while the negative zeros tend to infinity as ageometric progression with ratio $1/q$. A similar result is true for$q\\in (-1,0)$ when there are also infinitely-many positive zeros.We consider thequestion how close to the origin the zeros of the function $\\theta$ can be.In the generalcase when $q$ is complex it is truethat their moduli are always larger than $1/2|q|$. We consider the case when $q$ is real and prove that for any $q\\in (0,1)$,the function $\\theta (q,.)$ has no zeros on the set $$\\displaystyle \\{x\\in\\mathbb{C}\\colon |x|\\leq 3\\} \\cap \\{x\\in\\mathbb{C}\\colon {\\rm Re} x\\leq 0\\}\\cap \\{x\\in\\mathbb{C}\\colon |{\\rm Im} x|\\leq 3/\\sqrt{2}\\}$$which containsthe closure left unit half-disk and is more than $7$ times larger than it.It is unlikely this result to hold true for the whole of the lefthalf-disk of radius~$3$. Similar domains do not exist for $q\\in (0,1)$, Re$x\\geq 0$, for$q\\in (-1,0)$, Re$x\\geq 0$ and for $q\\in (-1,0)$, Re$x\\leq 0$. We show alsothat for $q\\in (0,1)$, the function $\\theta (q,.)$ has no real zeros $\\geq -5$ (but one can find zeros larger than $-7.51$).","PeriodicalId":37555,"journal":{"name":"Matematychni Studii","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2023-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"A domain free of the zeros of the partial theta function\",\"authors\":\"V. Kostov\",\"doi\":\"10.30970/ms.58.2.142-158\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"The partial theta function is the sum of the series \\\\medskip\\\\centerline{$\\\\displaystyle\\\\theta (q,x):=\\\\sum\\\\nolimits _{j=0}^{\\\\infty}q^{j(j+1)/2}x^j$,}\\\\medskip\\\\noi where $q$is a real or complex parameter ($|q|<1$). Its name is due to similaritieswith the formula for the Jacobi theta function$\\\\Theta (q,x):=\\\\sum _{j=-\\\\infty}^{\\\\infty}q^{j^2}x^j$. The function $\\\\theta$ has been considered in Ramanujan's lost notebook. Itfinds applicationsin several domains, such as Ramanujan type$q$-series, the theory of (mock) modular forms, asymptotic analysis, statistical physics, combinatorics and most recently in the study of section-hyperbolic polynomials,i.~e. real polynomials with all coefficients positive,with all roots real negative and all whose sections (i.~e. truncations)are also real-rooted.For each $q$ fixed,$\\\\theta$ is an entire function of order $0$ in the variable~$x$. When$q$ is real and $q\\\\in (0,0.3092\\\\ldots )$, $\\\\theta (q,.)$ is a function of theLaguerre-P\\\\'olyaclass $\\\\mathcal{L-P}I$. More generally, for $q \\\\in (0,1)$, the function $\\\\theta (q,.)$ is the product of a realpolynomialwithout real zeros and a function of the class $\\\\mathcal{L-P}I$. Thus it isan entire function withinfinitely-many negative, with no positive and with finitely-many complexconjugate zeros. The latter are known to belongto an explicitly defined compact domain containing $0$ andindependent of $q$ while the negative zeros tend to infinity as ageometric progression with ratio $1/q$. A similar result is true for$q\\\\in (-1,0)$ when there are also infinitely-many positive zeros.We consider thequestion how close to the origin the zeros of the function $\\\\theta$ can be.In the generalcase when $q$ is complex it is truethat their moduli are always larger than $1/2|q|$. We consider the case when $q$ is real and prove that for any $q\\\\in (0,1)$,the function $\\\\theta (q,.)$ has no zeros on the set $$\\\\displaystyle \\\\{x\\\\in\\\\mathbb{C}\\\\colon |x|\\\\leq 3\\\\} \\\\cap \\\\{x\\\\in\\\\mathbb{C}\\\\colon {\\\\rm Re} x\\\\leq 0\\\\}\\\\cap \\\\{x\\\\in\\\\mathbb{C}\\\\colon |{\\\\rm Im} x|\\\\leq 3/\\\\sqrt{2}\\\\}$$which containsthe closure left unit half-disk and is more than $7$ times larger than it.It is unlikely this result to hold true for the whole of the lefthalf-disk of radius~$3$. Similar domains do not exist for $q\\\\in (0,1)$, Re$x\\\\geq 0$, for$q\\\\in (-1,0)$, Re$x\\\\geq 0$ and for $q\\\\in (-1,0)$, Re$x\\\\leq 0$. We show alsothat for $q\\\\in (0,1)$, the function $\\\\theta (q,.)$ has no real zeros $\\\\geq -5$ (but one can find zeros larger than $-7.51$).\",\"PeriodicalId\":37555,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Matematychni Studii\",\"volume\":\" \",\"pages\":\"\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2023-01-16\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Matematychni Studii\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.30970/ms.58.2.142-158\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q3\",\"JCRName\":\"Mathematics\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Matematychni Studii","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.30970/ms.58.2.142-158","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"Mathematics","Score":null,"Total":0}
A domain free of the zeros of the partial theta function
The partial theta function is the sum of the series \medskip\centerline{$\displaystyle\theta (q,x):=\sum\nolimits _{j=0}^{\infty}q^{j(j+1)/2}x^j$,}\medskip\noi where $q$is a real or complex parameter ($|q|<1$). Its name is due to similaritieswith the formula for the Jacobi theta function$\Theta (q,x):=\sum _{j=-\infty}^{\infty}q^{j^2}x^j$. The function $\theta$ has been considered in Ramanujan's lost notebook. Itfinds applicationsin several domains, such as Ramanujan type$q$-series, the theory of (mock) modular forms, asymptotic analysis, statistical physics, combinatorics and most recently in the study of section-hyperbolic polynomials,i.~e. real polynomials with all coefficients positive,with all roots real negative and all whose sections (i.~e. truncations)are also real-rooted.For each $q$ fixed,$\theta$ is an entire function of order $0$ in the variable~$x$. When$q$ is real and $q\in (0,0.3092\ldots )$, $\theta (q,.)$ is a function of theLaguerre-P\'olyaclass $\mathcal{L-P}I$. More generally, for $q \in (0,1)$, the function $\theta (q,.)$ is the product of a realpolynomialwithout real zeros and a function of the class $\mathcal{L-P}I$. Thus it isan entire function withinfinitely-many negative, with no positive and with finitely-many complexconjugate zeros. The latter are known to belongto an explicitly defined compact domain containing $0$ andindependent of $q$ while the negative zeros tend to infinity as ageometric progression with ratio $1/q$. A similar result is true for$q\in (-1,0)$ when there are also infinitely-many positive zeros.We consider thequestion how close to the origin the zeros of the function $\theta$ can be.In the generalcase when $q$ is complex it is truethat their moduli are always larger than $1/2|q|$. We consider the case when $q$ is real and prove that for any $q\in (0,1)$,the function $\theta (q,.)$ has no zeros on the set $$\displaystyle \{x\in\mathbb{C}\colon |x|\leq 3\} \cap \{x\in\mathbb{C}\colon {\rm Re} x\leq 0\}\cap \{x\in\mathbb{C}\colon |{\rm Im} x|\leq 3/\sqrt{2}\}$$which containsthe closure left unit half-disk and is more than $7$ times larger than it.It is unlikely this result to hold true for the whole of the lefthalf-disk of radius~$3$. Similar domains do not exist for $q\in (0,1)$, Re$x\geq 0$, for$q\in (-1,0)$, Re$x\geq 0$ and for $q\in (-1,0)$, Re$x\leq 0$. We show alsothat for $q\in (0,1)$, the function $\theta (q,.)$ has no real zeros $\geq -5$ (but one can find zeros larger than $-7.51$).