耐真菌基因型叶片和植株对水分状况的短期和长期适应

IF 2.2 3区 农林科学 Q3 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY OENO One Pub Date : 2023-05-17 DOI:10.20870/oeno-one.2023.57.2.7431
Luciana Wilhelm de Almeida, A. Pellegrino, B. Fontez, L. Torregrosa, H. Ojeda
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引用次数: 0

摘要

今天的葡萄栽培面临着减少化学物质投入的双重挑战,同时使植物材料适应未来的气候条件。采用真菌抗病品种似乎是一个长期的解决方案,只要它们在干旱等非生物限制下表现良好。本研究旨在研究水分亏缺(WD)的影响,并分析由INRAE选育的6个真菌抗病新品种与西拉相比所采取的不同抗旱策略。在连续五个季节(2018年至2022年),在田间条件下应用WD梯度,并通过藤蔓黎明前水势测量进行监测。利用成像技术对葡萄的发育进行了无损跟踪,以确定浆果韧皮部卸载的停止情况。所有变量均在单株水平收集。评估了WD对叶片气体交换和内在水分利用效率(WUEi)、营养发育和产量组成的影响,以及叶片、营养和生殖水平对WD的基因型敏感性。除内在水分利用效率和总非结构性碳水化合物浓度外,其他变量均受WD的负向影响。在生理和营养水平上,基因型受WD的影响不同,而大多数生殖变量没有基因型依赖的反应。一般来说,某一变量电位最高(截距最高)的基因型对水分亏缺(坡度较高)也最敏感。对生理和生殖变量最敏感的基因型是G5,与西拉、3159B和花实相比,G5在浆果重、光合作用和WUEi上的降低幅度更大。在这项研究中,我们观察到长期应对WD的策略的多样性,其中一些基因型选择减少大多数变量(G5和Artaban)或维持较高水平的功能(Syrah和3176N)。其他品种表现出不同的反应:要么减少营养生长多于减少产量(3159B),要么反之(G14)。
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Short and long-term acclimation to water status at leaf and plant level of fungus-tolerant genotypes
Today’s viticulture faces the double challenge of reducing chemical input while adapting plant material to future climate conditions. Adopting fungus disease-tolerant varieties appears to be a long-term solution as long as they are performant under abiotic constraints, such as drought. This study aimed to study the effects of water deficit (WD) and characterise the different strategies adopted to cope with drought in six new fungus disease-tolerant varieties selected by INRAE compared to Syrah. During five consecutive seasons (2018 to 2022), a gradient of WD was applied in field conditions and monitored through vine predawn water potential measurements. Grape development was non-destructively tracked by imaging to determine the arrest of berry phloem unloading. All variables were collected at the single plant level. The impacts of WD on leaf gas exchange and intrinsic water use efficiency (WUEi), vegetative development and yield components were assessed, as well as the genotypic sensitivity to WD at the leaf, vegetative and reproductive levels. All variables were negatively impacted by WD, except for intrinsic water use efficiency and total non-structural carbohydrate concentrations. Genotypes were differently impacted by WD at the physiological and vegetative levels, while no genotype-dependent response was observed for most reproductive variables. Generally, genotypes with the highest potential (highest intercept) in a certain variable were also the most sensitive to water deficit (higher slope). The most sensitive genotype regarding physiological and reproductive variables was G5, which showed higher reductions in berry weight, photosynthesis and WUEi, contrasting with Syrah, 3159B and Floreal. In this study, we observed a diversity of strategies to cope with WD in the long term, where some genotypes opted to reduce most variables (G5 and Artaban) or to maintain functioning at higher levels (Syrah and 3176N). Others displayed mixed responses: either reducing vegetative growth more than yield (3159B) or vice-versa (G14).
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来源期刊
OENO One
OENO One Agricultural and Biological Sciences-Food Science
CiteScore
4.40
自引率
13.80%
发文量
85
审稿时长
13 weeks
期刊介绍: OENO One is a peer-reviewed journal that publishes original research, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications, perspectives and spotlights in the areas of viticulture, grapevine physiology, genomics and genetics, oenology, winemaking technology and processes, wine chemistry and quality, analytical chemistry, microbiology, sensory and consumer sciences, safety and health. OENO One belongs to the International Viticulture and Enology Society - IVES, an academic association dedicated to viticulture and enology.
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