胎儿酒精综合症的MRI发现谱——我们知道的和我们需要知道的!

BJR open Pub Date : 2023-03-28 eCollection Date: 2023-01-01 DOI:10.1259/bjro.20210063
Saad Sharif, Naeha Lakshmanan, Farhana Sharif, Stephanie Ryan
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引用次数: 0

摘要

众所周知,在子宫内接触酒精会损害发育中的胎儿。胎儿酒精谱系障碍(FASD)是一个总称,强调了与子宫内酒精暴露有关的一系列不良影响。多项研究显示了特定的大脑异常,包括大脑体积缩小,特别是在深核和小脑,以及顶叶和颞叶白质改变。虽然研究确定,其他产前风险因素,如产妇使用非法药物或缺乏产前护理,以及产后风险因素,如身体或性虐待和低社会经济地位,可能与胎儿神经异常的病理变异有关,但产前酒精暴露仍然是影响大脑结构和功能的最强因素。特别是,每周饮酒的天数以及怀孕三个月期间饮酒的天数与大脑异常的关系最为密切。需要进一步的研究来单独解释产前风险因素以及对神经发育结果的综合影响。所描述的不同表型表现表明,必须改进FASD的诊断标准,以更好地代表神经系统异常的范围。
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Spectrum of MRI findings of foetal alcohol syndrome disorders-what we know and what we need to know!

The exposure to alcohol in utero has been known to damage the developing foetus. Foetal alcohol spectrum disorders is an umbrella term that highlights a range of adverse effects linked to alcohol exposure in utero. Multiple studies have shown specific brain abnormalities, including a reduction in brain size, specifically in the deep nuclei and cerebellum, and parietal and temporal lobe white matter changes. While studies ascertained that other prenatal risk factors, such as maternal use of illicit drugs or lack of pre-natal care, and post-natal risk factors, such as physical or sexual abuse and low socioeconomic status, may be involved in the pathology of variances in foetal neurological abnormalities, prenatal alcohol exposure remained the strongest factor for effects on brain structure and function. Particularly, the number of days of alcohol consumption per week and drinking during all three trimesters of the pregnancy indicating the strongest relationship with brain abnormalities. Further studies are needed to explain pre-natal risk factors in isolation as well as in combination for neurodevelopmental outcomes. The diverse phenotypic presentations described indicate that the diagnostic criteria of foetal alcohol spectrum disorder must be refined to better represent the range of neurologic anomalies.

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