A hydraulic model of the Amur River informed by ICESat-2 elevation

ABSTRACT Accurate predictions of water surface elevation (WSE) in rivers at high spatial and temporal resolution are important for flood/drought risk assessment and flood/drought forecasting and management. WSE in a river is controlled by three main factors: discharge, riverbed geometry, and hydraulic roughness. In remote and poorly instrumented rivers, discharge and riverbed geometry are highly uncertain and WSE is therefore hard to predict. ICESat-2 laser altimetry provides accurate elevation transects across the river at very high spatial resolution (70 cm along track). This paper demonstrates how ICESat-2 elevation transects can be used to parameterize a basin-scale hydraulic model of a continental-scale river. The workflow is demonstrated for the transboundary Amur River in North-East Asia. Simulated WSE is subsequently validated against a large dataset of in situ and satellite altimetry observations, and we demonstrate that the model can reproduce available WSE observations throughout the basin with an accuracy of 1–2 m.