{"title":"煤矿作业用轻型车辆车轮螺柱和螺母的疲劳失效","authors":"D. N. Adnyana","doi":"10.14203/metalurgi.v32i2.319","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Light vehicle is a potentially useful and efficient mode of transportation to be utilized in supporting the coal mine operation. However, due to the harsh road condition at the mine site, many light vehicles presently used are frequently experiencing a number of incidents caused by loose wheel. The occurrence of this loose wheel is very much related with some broken or damaged wheel studs and/or nuts of the vehicle. Type of failure and factors that may have caused the damage of the wheel studs and/or nuts of the vehicles are discussed in this paper. The metallurgical assessment was conducted by preparing a number of specimens from the damaged and undamaged wheel studs and nuts of the vehicles. Various laboratory examinations were performed including macroscopic examination, chemical composition analysis, metallographic examination, hardness test and SEM (scanning electron microscopy) examination equipped with EDS (energy dispersive spectroscopy) analysis. In addition, torsion test was also conducted on several new studs and nuts to measure the relationship between the torque and angular displacement. Results of the metallurgical assessment obtained show that the damaged wheel studs have experienced fatigue crack or fracture that was caused by load cycling under unidirectional bending at a low nominal stress. Most of the fatigue cracks were originated from the common fatigue initiation sites at the thread root of the stud. There are four possible factors that may have contributed to the acceleration of fatigue failure on the wheel studs or nuts of the light vehicles, either singly or in combination, including improper use of the vehicle, improper material of the wheel stud, improper material of the wheel and/or incorrect installation of the stud and wheel joint. Abstrak Kendaraan ringan merupakan moda transportasi yang potensial dan efisien digunakan dalam mendukung operasi tambang batubara. Akan tetapi, karena kondisi jalan yang sangat buruk pada lokasi pertambangan, banyak kendaraan ringan yang saat ini digunakan sering mengalami kecelakaan akibat terjadi kelonggaran pada roda. Terjadinya kelonggaran pada roda tersebut sangat terkait dengan patahnya atau rusaknya baut dan/atau mur roda kendaraan tersebut. Dalam makalah ini dibahas jenis kerusakan dan faktor-faktor yang kemungkinan telah menyebabkan terjadinya kerusakan pada baut dan/atau mur roda kendaraan. Penelitian/pengujian metalurgi telah dilakukan dengan menggunakan sejumlah benda uji yang diambil dari baut dan mur roda kendaraan, baik yang telah rusak maupun yang tidak rusak. Berbagai pengujian laboratorium telah dilakukan meliputi: uji makro, analisa komposisi kimia, uji metalografi, uji kekerasan dan uji SEM (scanning electron microscopy) yang dilengkapi dengan analisis EDS (energy dispersive spectroscopy) . Disamping itu, uji torsi juga telah dilakukan pada beberapa baut dan mur yang baru untuk mengukur hubungan antara momen torsi dan sudut torsi. Hasil dari penelitian/pengujian metalurgi yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa kerusakan pada baut roda disebabkan oleh retak atau patah lelah atau fatik akibat beban siklus yang bersifat tekukan searah dan pada tegangan nominal yang rendah.","PeriodicalId":18462,"journal":{"name":"Metalurgija","volume":"32 1","pages":"53-66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6000,"publicationDate":"2017-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"1","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Kerusakan Fatik pada Baut dan Mur Roda Kendaraan Ringan untuk Operasi Tambang Batubara [Fatigue Failure of Wheel Studs and Nuts of Light Vehicles Used in Coal Mine Operation]\",\"authors\":\"D. N. Adnyana\",\"doi\":\"10.14203/metalurgi.v32i2.319\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"Light vehicle is a potentially useful and efficient mode of transportation to be utilized in supporting the coal mine operation. However, due to the harsh road condition at the mine site, many light vehicles presently used are frequently experiencing a number of incidents caused by loose wheel. The occurrence of this loose wheel is very much related with some broken or damaged wheel studs and/or nuts of the vehicle. Type of failure and factors that may have caused the damage of the wheel studs and/or nuts of the vehicles are discussed in this paper. The metallurgical assessment was conducted by preparing a number of specimens from the damaged and undamaged wheel studs and nuts of the vehicles. Various laboratory examinations were performed including macroscopic examination, chemical composition analysis, metallographic examination, hardness test and SEM (scanning electron microscopy) examination equipped with EDS (energy dispersive spectroscopy) analysis. In addition, torsion test was also conducted on several new studs and nuts to measure the relationship between the torque and angular displacement. Results of the metallurgical assessment obtained show that the damaged wheel studs have experienced fatigue crack or fracture that was caused by load cycling under unidirectional bending at a low nominal stress. Most of the fatigue cracks were originated from the common fatigue initiation sites at the thread root of the stud. There are four possible factors that may have contributed to the acceleration of fatigue failure on the wheel studs or nuts of the light vehicles, either singly or in combination, including improper use of the vehicle, improper material of the wheel stud, improper material of the wheel and/or incorrect installation of the stud and wheel joint. Abstrak Kendaraan ringan merupakan moda transportasi yang potensial dan efisien digunakan dalam mendukung operasi tambang batubara. Akan tetapi, karena kondisi jalan yang sangat buruk pada lokasi pertambangan, banyak kendaraan ringan yang saat ini digunakan sering mengalami kecelakaan akibat terjadi kelonggaran pada roda. Terjadinya kelonggaran pada roda tersebut sangat terkait dengan patahnya atau rusaknya baut dan/atau mur roda kendaraan tersebut. Dalam makalah ini dibahas jenis kerusakan dan faktor-faktor yang kemungkinan telah menyebabkan terjadinya kerusakan pada baut dan/atau mur roda kendaraan. Penelitian/pengujian metalurgi telah dilakukan dengan menggunakan sejumlah benda uji yang diambil dari baut dan mur roda kendaraan, baik yang telah rusak maupun yang tidak rusak. Berbagai pengujian laboratorium telah dilakukan meliputi: uji makro, analisa komposisi kimia, uji metalografi, uji kekerasan dan uji SEM (scanning electron microscopy) yang dilengkapi dengan analisis EDS (energy dispersive spectroscopy) . Disamping itu, uji torsi juga telah dilakukan pada beberapa baut dan mur yang baru untuk mengukur hubungan antara momen torsi dan sudut torsi. Hasil dari penelitian/pengujian metalurgi yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa kerusakan pada baut roda disebabkan oleh retak atau patah lelah atau fatik akibat beban siklus yang bersifat tekukan searah dan pada tegangan nominal yang rendah.\",\"PeriodicalId\":18462,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Metalurgija\",\"volume\":\"32 1\",\"pages\":\"53-66\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.6000,\"publicationDate\":\"2017-09-30\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"1\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Metalurgija\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.14203/metalurgi.v32i2.319\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q4\",\"JCRName\":\"METALLURGY & METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Metalurgija","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.14203/metalurgi.v32i2.319","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q4","JCRName":"METALLURGY & METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
摘要
轻型汽车是一种潜在的、有用的、高效的运输方式,可用于煤矿的辅助作业。然而,由于矿区道路条件恶劣,目前使用的许多轻型车辆经常发生车轮松动的事故。这种松动车轮的发生与车辆的一些车轮螺柱和/或螺母断裂或损坏有很大关系。本文讨论了车辆车轮螺柱和/或螺母损坏的类型和可能造成损坏的因素。通过从车辆的损坏和未损坏的车轮螺柱和螺母中制备一些样品,进行了冶金评估。进行了各种实验室检查,包括宏观检查,化学成分分析,金相检查,硬度测试和SEM(扫描电子显微镜)检查,并配有EDS(能量色散光谱)分析。此外,还对几种新的螺柱和螺母进行了扭转试验,测量了扭矩与角位移的关系。金相评价结果表明,在低标称应力下单向弯曲载荷循环引起的疲劳裂纹或断裂。大多数疲劳裂纹起源于螺柱螺纹根部的常见疲劳起裂部位。有四种可能的因素可能导致轻型车辆的车轮螺柱或螺母加速疲劳失效,无论是单独的还是组合的,包括车辆使用不当,车轮螺柱材料不当,车轮材料不当和/或螺柱和车轮接头安装不当。【摘要】肯达拉、林根、梅鲁帕坎、公路、公路、公路、公路、公路、公路、公路、公路、公路、公路、公路、公路、公路、公路、公路、公路、公路等。阿甘茶,阿甘茶,阿甘茶,阿甘茶,阿甘茶,阿甘茶,阿甘茶,阿甘茶,阿甘茶,阿甘茶,阿甘茶,阿甘茶,阿甘茶,阿甘茶,阿甘茶,阿甘茶。Terjadinya kelonggaran padroda tersebut sangat terkait dengan patahnya atau rusaknya baut dan/atau mur roda kendaraan tersebut。Dalam makalah ini dibahas jenis kerusakan dan factor - factor for yang kemungkinan telah menyebabkan terjadinya kerusakan paada baut dan/atau mur roda kendaraan。Penelitian/ penguian metalurgi telah dilakukan dengan menggunakan sejumlah benduji yang diambil dari baut danmur roda kendaraan, baik yang telah rusak maupun yang tidak rusak。Berbagai实验室:uji makro, analisa komposisi kimia, uji金相学,uji kekerasan, uji SEM(扫描电子显微镜),yang dilengkapi dengan分析EDS(能量色散光谱)。Disamping itu, uji torsi juga telah dilakukan paada beberapa baut danmur yang baru untuk mengukur hubungan antara力矩torsi dansudut torsi。企鹅金属学,企鹅金属学,企鹅金属学,企鹅金属学,企鹅金属学,企鹅金属学,企鹅金属学,企鹅金属学,企鹅金属学
Kerusakan Fatik pada Baut dan Mur Roda Kendaraan Ringan untuk Operasi Tambang Batubara [Fatigue Failure of Wheel Studs and Nuts of Light Vehicles Used in Coal Mine Operation]
Light vehicle is a potentially useful and efficient mode of transportation to be utilized in supporting the coal mine operation. However, due to the harsh road condition at the mine site, many light vehicles presently used are frequently experiencing a number of incidents caused by loose wheel. The occurrence of this loose wheel is very much related with some broken or damaged wheel studs and/or nuts of the vehicle. Type of failure and factors that may have caused the damage of the wheel studs and/or nuts of the vehicles are discussed in this paper. The metallurgical assessment was conducted by preparing a number of specimens from the damaged and undamaged wheel studs and nuts of the vehicles. Various laboratory examinations were performed including macroscopic examination, chemical composition analysis, metallographic examination, hardness test and SEM (scanning electron microscopy) examination equipped with EDS (energy dispersive spectroscopy) analysis. In addition, torsion test was also conducted on several new studs and nuts to measure the relationship between the torque and angular displacement. Results of the metallurgical assessment obtained show that the damaged wheel studs have experienced fatigue crack or fracture that was caused by load cycling under unidirectional bending at a low nominal stress. Most of the fatigue cracks were originated from the common fatigue initiation sites at the thread root of the stud. There are four possible factors that may have contributed to the acceleration of fatigue failure on the wheel studs or nuts of the light vehicles, either singly or in combination, including improper use of the vehicle, improper material of the wheel stud, improper material of the wheel and/or incorrect installation of the stud and wheel joint. Abstrak Kendaraan ringan merupakan moda transportasi yang potensial dan efisien digunakan dalam mendukung operasi tambang batubara. Akan tetapi, karena kondisi jalan yang sangat buruk pada lokasi pertambangan, banyak kendaraan ringan yang saat ini digunakan sering mengalami kecelakaan akibat terjadi kelonggaran pada roda. Terjadinya kelonggaran pada roda tersebut sangat terkait dengan patahnya atau rusaknya baut dan/atau mur roda kendaraan tersebut. Dalam makalah ini dibahas jenis kerusakan dan faktor-faktor yang kemungkinan telah menyebabkan terjadinya kerusakan pada baut dan/atau mur roda kendaraan. Penelitian/pengujian metalurgi telah dilakukan dengan menggunakan sejumlah benda uji yang diambil dari baut dan mur roda kendaraan, baik yang telah rusak maupun yang tidak rusak. Berbagai pengujian laboratorium telah dilakukan meliputi: uji makro, analisa komposisi kimia, uji metalografi, uji kekerasan dan uji SEM (scanning electron microscopy) yang dilengkapi dengan analisis EDS (energy dispersive spectroscopy) . Disamping itu, uji torsi juga telah dilakukan pada beberapa baut dan mur yang baru untuk mengukur hubungan antara momen torsi dan sudut torsi. Hasil dari penelitian/pengujian metalurgi yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa kerusakan pada baut roda disebabkan oleh retak atau patah lelah atau fatik akibat beban siklus yang bersifat tekukan searah dan pada tegangan nominal yang rendah.
期刊介绍:
The journal Metalurgija is primary scientific periodical that publishes scientific papers (original papers, preliminary notes, reviewed papers) as well as professional papers from the area of basic, applicable and developing researching in metallurgy and boundary metallurgy areas (physics, chemistry, mechanical engineering). These papers relate to processing ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy, treating investigating as well as testing of raw materials, semi products and products, especially in the area of improving new materials and possibilities of their implementation. The journal is the only national periodical of this kind in the Republic of Croatia and covers the scientific field of metallurgy, especially:
physical metallurgy and materials;
process metailurgy, (ferrous and non-ferrous);
mechanical metallurgy (processing, power , etc.);
related (adjoing) branches: mechanlcal engineering, chemistry, physics etc.