Ijtihād在普京的俄罗斯?来自莫斯科和喀山的签名Fatwas

IF 0.5 1区 历史学 Q1 HISTORY Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient Pub Date : 2022-11-14 DOI:10.1163/15685209-12341585
M. Kemper
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引用次数: 1

摘要

本文分析了俄罗斯两个主要穆夫提派最近的法特瓦作品,即喀山的传统主义鞑靼斯坦共和国穆斯林精神管理局(DUMRT)和莫斯科的现代主义俄罗斯联邦穆斯林精神管理机构(DUMRF)。作者调查了俄罗斯穆夫提人在制定fatwas时所遵循的方法,以及从其来源基础上出现的全球联系。DUMRT对Ḥanafī伊斯兰法学派与DUMRF的ijtihād计划形成对比。DUMRF对ijtihād,wasa的主张ṭ通过对俄罗斯有争议的关于婚姻、皈依和离婚的法令的分析,检验了iyya和少数民族fiqh。本文引入了“签名法特瓦”一词来表示法特瓦,法特瓦旨在展示特定穆夫提国的特定身份,并作为其相对于克里姆林宫、其他法特瓦制作者和穆斯林社区的政治定位工具。本文件针对东欧的伊斯兰教学者以及包括欧洲联盟在内的穆斯林少数群体中的伊斯兰法学生。
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Ijtihād in Putin’s Russia? Signature Fatwas from Moscow and Kazan
The present article analyzes the recent fatwa production by two of Russia’s major muftiates, the traditionalist Spiritual Administration of Muslims of the Republic of Tatarstan (DUMRT) in Kazan and the modernist Spiritual Administration of Muslims of the Russian Federation (DUMRF) in Moscow. The author investigates the methodologies that Russia’s muftis follow when elaborating fatwas, and the global links that surface from their source bases. DUMRT’s taqlīd, or imitation, of elements of the Ḥanafī school of Islamic law is contrasted with DUMRF’s program of ijtihād. DUMRF’s claims to ijtihād, wasaṭiyya and minority fiqh are tested by the analysis of controversial fatwas about marriage, conversion, and divorce in Russia. This paper introduces the term “signature fatwa” to denote fatwas that are meant to demonstrate the particular identity of a given muftiate, and that serve as a tool for its political positioning vis-à-vis the Kremlin, other fatwa-producers, and the Muslim communities. The present contribution addresses scholars of Islam in Eastern Europe as well as students of Islamic law in Muslim minority situations, including in the European Union.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
0.90
自引率
0.00%
发文量
24
期刊介绍: The Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient (JESHO) publishes original research articles in Asian, Near, Middle Eastern and Mediterranean Studies across history. The journal promotes world history from Asian and Middle Eastern perspectives and it challenges scholars to integrate cultural and intellectual history with economic, social and political analysis. The editors of the journal invite both early-career and established scholars to present their explorations into new fields of research. JESHO encourages debate across disciplines in the humanities and the social sciences. Published since 1958, JESHO is the oldest and most respected journal in its field. Please note that JESHO will not accept books for review.
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