CRISPR/ cas介导的基因组编辑提高油籽作物生产力

IF 6 2区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences Pub Date : 2020-05-03 DOI:10.1080/07352689.2020.1782568
U. Subedi, J. Ozga, Guanqun Chen, N. Foroud, S. Singer
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引用次数: 8

摘要

由于人口的不断增长、全球财富的不断增长、饮食选择的不断变化以及对可再生植物源资源的需求,对植物油的需求正在快速增长。然而,油籽生产受到气候变化引起的不可预测的环境条件以及与之相关的病虫害增加的负面影响。不幸的是,虽然传统育种技术已被用于提高油籽产量,但它们往往是不精确和漫长的过程。另一方面,由于公众的负面看法和繁重的监管要求,转基因作物已被证明难以进入市场。基因组编辑,主要使用集群规则间隔短回文数重复/CRISPR相关蛋白(CRISPR/Cas)平台,是我们植物育种工具包中相对较新的成员,它允许快速生成精确的靶向遗传变化,这些变化与自发突变无法区分。此外,所得到的植物可以相对容易地实现无转基因。虽然基因组编辑已经成功地用于修改模式植物拟南芥的大量基因,但这项技术在油籽作物物种中才刚刚起步。本文综述了迄今为止利用CRISPR/ cas介导的油籽作物基因组编辑技术在有利和次优环境条件下提高植物生产力,从而提高种子产量或减少损失的进展。此外,我们还研究了利用这种分子育种工具增强这些性状的潜在途径。
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CRISPR/Cas-Mediated Genome Editing for the Improvement of Oilseed Crop Productivity
Abstract The demand for vegetable oils is increasing at a rapid pace due to our ever-expanding population, growing global affluence, changing dietary choices, and the need for renewable plant-derived resources. However, oilseed production is negatively impacted by unpredictable environmental conditions caused by climate change, as well as associated increases in disease and pest infestations. Unfortunately, while conventional breeding techniques have been used to provide gains in terms of oilseed yields, they are often imprecise and lengthy processes. Crops derived from transgenic approaches, on the other hand, have proven difficult to get to market due to negative public perception and onerous regulatory requirements. Genome editing, primarily using the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein (CRISPR/Cas) platform, is a relatively recent addition to our plant breeding toolkit that allows the rapid generation of precise targeted genetic changes that can be indistinguishable from spontaneous mutations. In addition, the resulting plants can be made transgene-free with relative ease. While genome editing has been successfully used to modify a plethora of genes in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, the technology is only just taking off in oilseed crop species. This review discusses advances that have been made to-date using CRISPR/Cas-mediated genome editing of oilseed crops to improve plant productivity under favorable and sub-optimal environmental conditions, leading to increased seed yields or reduced losses. Furthermore, we also examine potential avenues for future enhancements in these traits using this molecular breeding tool.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
12.90
自引率
1.40%
发文量
15
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences focuses on presenting in-depth and up-to-date reviews of timely and/or cutting-edge subjects in the broad discipline of plant science, ranging from molecular biology/biochemistry through the areas of cell biology, plant pathology and physiology, genetics, classical botany, and ecology, to practical agricultural applications. Articles in the journal provide an up-to-date literature base for researchers and students, pointing the way towards future research needs. The journal is also a significant source of credible, objective information to aid decision makers at all levels.
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