{"title":"泛代数的Mumford和Ramanujam定理","authors":"A. Clay, R. Padmanabhan","doi":"10.1007/s00012-022-00790-5","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A well-known result in quasigroup theory says that an associative quasigroup is a group, i.e. in quasigroups, associativity forces the existence of an identity element. The converse is, of course, far from true, as there are many, many non-associative loops. However, a remarkable theorem due to David Mumford and C.P. Ramanujam says that any projective variety having a binary morphism admitting a two-sided identity must be a group. Motivated by this result, we define a universal algebra (<i>A</i>; <i>F</i>) to be an <i>MR-algebra</i> if whenever a binary term function <i>m</i>(<i>x</i>, <i>y</i>) in the algebra admits a two-sided identity, then the reduct (<i>A</i>; <i>m</i>(<i>x</i>, <i>y</i>)) must be associative. Here we give some non-trivial varieties of quasigroups, groups, rings, fields and lattices which are MR-algebras. For example, every MR-quasigroup must be isotopic to a group, MR-groups are exactly the nilpotent groups of class 2, while commutative rings and complemented lattices are MR-algebras if and only if they are Boolean.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50827,"journal":{"name":"Algebra Universalis","volume":"83 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6000,"publicationDate":"2022-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"A theorem of Mumford and Ramanujam for universal algebras\",\"authors\":\"A. Clay, R. Padmanabhan\",\"doi\":\"10.1007/s00012-022-00790-5\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><p>A well-known result in quasigroup theory says that an associative quasigroup is a group, i.e. in quasigroups, associativity forces the existence of an identity element. The converse is, of course, far from true, as there are many, many non-associative loops. However, a remarkable theorem due to David Mumford and C.P. Ramanujam says that any projective variety having a binary morphism admitting a two-sided identity must be a group. Motivated by this result, we define a universal algebra (<i>A</i>; <i>F</i>) to be an <i>MR-algebra</i> if whenever a binary term function <i>m</i>(<i>x</i>, <i>y</i>) in the algebra admits a two-sided identity, then the reduct (<i>A</i>; <i>m</i>(<i>x</i>, <i>y</i>)) must be associative. Here we give some non-trivial varieties of quasigroups, groups, rings, fields and lattices which are MR-algebras. For example, every MR-quasigroup must be isotopic to a group, MR-groups are exactly the nilpotent groups of class 2, while commutative rings and complemented lattices are MR-algebras if and only if they are Boolean.</p></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":50827,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Algebra Universalis\",\"volume\":\"83 4\",\"pages\":\"\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.6000,\"publicationDate\":\"2022-08-07\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Algebra Universalis\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"100\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00012-022-00790-5\",\"RegionNum\":4,\"RegionCategory\":\"数学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q3\",\"JCRName\":\"MATHEMATICS\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Algebra Universalis","FirstCategoryId":"100","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00012-022-00790-5","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"MATHEMATICS","Score":null,"Total":0}
A theorem of Mumford and Ramanujam for universal algebras
A well-known result in quasigroup theory says that an associative quasigroup is a group, i.e. in quasigroups, associativity forces the existence of an identity element. The converse is, of course, far from true, as there are many, many non-associative loops. However, a remarkable theorem due to David Mumford and C.P. Ramanujam says that any projective variety having a binary morphism admitting a two-sided identity must be a group. Motivated by this result, we define a universal algebra (A; F) to be an MR-algebra if whenever a binary term function m(x, y) in the algebra admits a two-sided identity, then the reduct (A; m(x, y)) must be associative. Here we give some non-trivial varieties of quasigroups, groups, rings, fields and lattices which are MR-algebras. For example, every MR-quasigroup must be isotopic to a group, MR-groups are exactly the nilpotent groups of class 2, while commutative rings and complemented lattices are MR-algebras if and only if they are Boolean.
期刊介绍:
Algebra Universalis publishes papers in universal algebra, lattice theory, and related fields. In a pragmatic way, one could define the areas of interest of the journal as the union of the areas of interest of the members of the Editorial Board. In addition to research papers, we are also interested in publishing high quality survey articles.