Improved performance for antenna based on a combination of fractal geometry with CSRR

ABSTRACT In this paper, an antenna design method operating at 3.5 GHz for 5G system is presented to improve its performance. The antenna is designed using fractal geometry combined with an imperfectly structured ground plane. In which, the radiation surface has the form of a Minkowski island fractal geometry, and the removed part of the ground is a complementary split ring resonator unit cell. In this design, the substrate material is FR4-epoxy microwave laminates with dielectric constant ϵ = 4.4, loss tangent (tan δ) of 0.02, and h = 1.6 mm thickness used to design the antennas. HFSS software is used in the simulation with the feeding method with a microstrip line. The proposed antenna has a significant performance increase compared to the original microstrip antenna such as reduced about 56% reduction in total size, enhanced 207% bandwidth, increased peak gain to 4.66 dB, and improved radiated efficiency to 89.3%. The physical model of the antenna has been fabricated and measured to verify the correctness of the design.