A dataset of rice quality indexes of 20 varieties in the middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River from 2016 to 2020

Rice is one of the main crops planted in China, and also the largest component of food consumption. With the rapid development of China, people’s life quality has improved, and higher requirements have been put forward for the quality of rice, which lays stress on not only the yield of rice but also the improvement of its quality. In order to make a survey of the quality of mature rice in the middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River, according to the inspection method of the national standard for high-quality rice (GB/T 17891-2017), we collected samples of 20 varieties from 15 test sites in the middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River from 2016 to 2020 to obtain the data of 4 quality indexes of high-quality rice, namely chalkiness, grain length, amylose content, and head rice rate respectively, with a total of 6,000 test results. This dataset will provide a basis for the study of rice seed selection in the middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River.