墨卡托的艺术:托斯卡纳文艺复兴时期的城邦购买

IF 1.8 1区 历史学 Q1 HISTORY Past & Present Pub Date : 2021-08-04 DOI:10.1093/pastj/gtaa021
M. Martoccio
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引用次数: 2

摘要

从克里特岛(1205年分封给威尼斯)到阿雷佐(1384年提供给佛罗伦萨),再到塔巴尔卡(1540年作为抵押给热那亚家族),1300年至1600年的意大利公社买卖了许多城镇和城堡。然而,尽管这一习俗很受欢迎,但现有的学者声称,文艺复兴时期的城市通过暴力征服进行了领土扩张,集中了政府财政,并促进了激进的帝国主义话语。根据佛罗伦萨购买卢卡(1342年)和比萨(1405年)两座城市的案例研究,本文揭示了文艺复兴时期城市的买家是如何利用一个庞大的、鲜为人知的私人债权人网络来支付新土地的。此外,空间的可出售性有助于培养帝国的商业化意识形态。日记家们宣扬他们城市优越的商业。公民领袖将社区的利益与维护其对城市卖家的荣誉和信仰联系在一起。辩论家指责对手欺诈,同时将比萨和卢卡等城市降级为商品。因此,购买城市不仅让文艺复兴时期的商人精英展示了他们城市优越的物质财富,还展示了商业实力——他们讨价还价的能力(buon mercato)。
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The Art of Mercato: Buying City-States in Renaissance Tuscany
Italian communes from 1300–1600 bought and sold numerous towns and castles from Crete (enfeoffed to Venice in 1205) to Arezzo (offered to Florence in 1384) to Tabarka (given as mortgage to a Genoese family in 1540). Despite the popularity of this custom, however, existing scholarship claims Renaissance cities expanded territorially through violent conquests that centralized government finances and promoted militant imperialist discourses. Drawing on case studies of the Florentine purchase of two cities — Lucca (1342) and Pisa (1405) — this article reveals how the buyers of Renaissance cities instead drew upon a vast, little-studied network of private creditors to pay for new lands. The vendibility of space, moreover, helped foster a commercialized ideology of empire. Diarists heralded their city’s superior commerce. Civic leaders tied the good of their communes to keeping its honour and faith with city-sellers. And polemicists stained opponents with accusations of fraud while demoting cities such as Pisa and Lucca to mere merchandise. Buying cities thus allowed Renaissance merchant elites to demonstrate not only their city’s superior material wealth, but also mercantile prowess — their ability to bargain for a good deal (buon mercato).
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来源期刊
Past & Present
Past & Present Multiple-
CiteScore
2.80
自引率
5.60%
发文量
49
期刊介绍: Founded in 1952, Past & Present is widely acknowledged to be the liveliest and most stimulating historical journal in the English-speaking world. The journal offers: •A wide variety of scholarly and original articles on historical, social and cultural change in all parts of the world. •Four issues a year, each containing five or six major articles plus occasional debates and review essays. •Challenging work by young historians as well as seminal articles by internationally regarded scholars. •A range of articles that appeal to specialists and non-specialists, and communicate the results of the most recent historical research in a readable and lively form. •A forum for debate, encouraging productive controversy.
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