T cell Immune Pathways Current and Future Implementation in Cancer Immunotherapy

Tumor immunotherapy exceeds radiotherapy and chemotherapy in the fact that it considered the most tumor-specific therapy; it is characteristically effective in metastatic tumors, which is a real challenge facing current tumor therapies. Additionally, it confers long-lasting memory, which cannot by induce by other therapeutic approaches [1]. T cell is the major cell orchestrating the anti-tumor immune response. For a T cell to be activated and differentiated, it should receive activating signal not only from the T cell receptor but also from other co-stimulatory molecules [2]. On the other hand, to maintain a balanced immune system other molecule are involved in the inhibition of the activated T cell after the end of an immune response. Understanding these pathways can help in influencing the activity of T cell and thus provide other options for cancer immunotherapy [3].