蚂蚁与植物相互作用对授粉的负面影响:互惠共生的代价

IF 0.7 4区 农林科学 Q4 ENTOMOLOGY Sociobiology Pub Date : 2021-12-17 DOI:10.13102/sociobiology.v68i4.7259
R. R. Nogueira, D. F. B. Santos, E. Calixto, H. Torezan‐Silingardi, K. Del‐Claro
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引用次数: 8

摘要

已知蚂蚁与花外蜜(EFN)植物的共生关系降低了食草率。然而,蚂蚁可能对其他互惠关系产生负面影响,如授粉,构成兼性互惠关系的间接成本。例如,当蚂蚁在植物繁殖部位上或附近觅食时,它们可能会攻击传粉者或阻止传粉者的访问。我们验证了蚂蚁在携带efn植物上可能对传粉者行为产生负面影响的假设,最终降低了植物的适应性(坐果)。本研究在巴西热带稀树草原的一个保护区进行,使用的是携带efn的马来兰(malpiighiaceae)。实验操作分为四组:对照组(蚂蚁自由访问)、无蚂蚁组(无蚂蚁分支)、人工蚂蚁组(有人工蚂蚁在花上的孤立分支)和塑料圈组(有塑料圈在花上的孤立分支)。我们对访花者及其相互作用进行了观察,并测量了果实形成作为植物适合度的代表。研究结果表明,传粉昆虫对人工蚂蚁的授粉犹豫不决,这对传粉产生了负面影响,但对有塑料圈的花朵却毫不犹豫,这表明它们认识到了蚂蚁的特定形态。授粉者在没有蚂蚁的树枝上花更多的时间,在有人工蚂蚁的树枝上,每朵花的结果率更低。我们的研究结果证实了这种兼性共生的间接代价,其中蚂蚁对efn植物的这些负面和积极影响之间的平衡尚不清楚。
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Negative effects of ant-plant interaction on pollination: costs of a mutualism
The mutualism of ants and extrafloral nectary (EFN)-bearing plants is known to reduce rates of herbivory. However, ants may have negative impacts on other mutualisms such as pollination, constituting an indirect cost of a facultative mutualism. For instance, when foraging on or close to reproductive plant parts ants might attack pollinators or inhibit their visits. We tested the hypothesis that ants on EFN-bearing plants may negatively influence pollinator behavior, ultimately reducing plant fitness (fruit set). The study was done in a reserve at Brazilian savannah using the EFN-bearing plant Banisteriopsis malifolia (Malpighiaceae). The experimental manipulation was carried out with four groups: control (free visitation of ants), without ants (ant-free branches), artificial ants (isolated branches with artificial ants on flowers) and plastic circles (isolated branches with plastic circles on flowers). We made observations on flower visitors and their interactions, and measured fruit formation as a proxy for plant fitness. Our results showed that pollinators hesitated to visit flowers with artificial ants, negatively affecting pollination, but did not hesitate to visit flowers with plastic circles, suggesting that they recognize the specific morphology of the ants. Pollinators spent more time per flower on the ant-free branches, and the fruiting rate was lower in the group with artificial ants. Our results confirm an indirect cost in this facultative mutualism, where the balance between these negative and positive effects of ants on EFN-bearing plants are not well known.
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来源期刊
Sociobiology
Sociobiology 生物-昆虫学
CiteScore
1.60
自引率
11.10%
发文量
28
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: SOCIOBIOLOGY publishes high quality articles that significantly contribute to the knowledge of Entomology, with emphasis on social insects. Articles previously submitted to other journals are not accepted. SOCIOBIOLOGY publishes original research papers and invited review articles on all aspects related to the biology, evolution and systematics of social and pre-social insects (Ants, Termites, Bees and Wasps). The journal is currently expanding its scope to incorporate the publication of articles dealing with other arthropods that exhibit sociality. Articles may cover a range of subjects such as ecology, ethology, morphology, population genetics, physiology, toxicology, reproduction, sociobiology, caste differentiation as well as economic impact and pest management.
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