Associations between Cumulative Biological Risk and Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Middle- and Older-Aged South Asian Immigrants in the United States.

INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to investigate associations between cumulative biological risk and subclinical atherosclerosis in South Asian immigrants. METHODS Data from the Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America (MASALA) study, including 858 participants at baseline (mean age = 56 [standard deviation = 9] years, 46% women). A cumulative biological risk score was derived using nine biomarkers across cardiovascular, immune, and metabolic systems with a possible score range of 0-9. Common and internal carotid artery intima media thickness (CIMT) and coronary artery calcium (CAC) were used as indicators of subclinical atherosclerosis. RESULTS Higher cumulative biological risk score was significantly associated with higher common and internal CIMT and higher odds of CAC at baseline. The odds of new CAC after 5 years of follow-up were 31% higher per 1-point increase in cumulative biological risk score, and the higher cumulative biological risk score was also associated with CAC progression. CONCLUSIONS Among South Asian immigrants, cumulative biological risk was directly associated with subclinical atherosclerosis and its progression.