Urban co-creation taxonomy

ABSTRACT Participation processes first emerged in the twentieth century and are becoming more common in democratic urban planning processes. In resilient, inclusive urban regeneration, the inhabitants are involved in transforming cities. Today, these processes are evolving and new creative tools are emerging. The aim of this research is to understand facets of what is known as urban co-creation by analysing experiments and classifying into a taxonomy their tools, the type of urban space involved, the duration, and the purposes. The use of the taxonomy in case studies shows how participation can be synthesized using a relatively simple code of pattern combinations.