隧道施工中可能电荷异常的电磁特征

Q2 Physics and Astronomy Quantum Reports Pub Date : 2022-08-11 DOI:10.3390/quantum4030020
F. Minotti, G. Modanese
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引用次数: 1

摘要

我们从Aharonov-Bohm电动力学的角度重新考虑一些著名的隧道过程,这是麦克斯韦理论的一个独特扩展,它承认非局部守恒的电荷电流源。我们特别感兴趣的是隧道现象具有相对较长的范围(否则非麦克斯韦效应变得无关紧要,特别是在高频下),涉及宏观波函数和相干物质,因此有意义评估由隧道粒子产生的经典电磁场。对于某些凝聚态系统,在概率流中承认不连续是表述现象学模型的一种可能方法。在这种情况下,Aharonov-Bohm理论提供了一种逻辑上一致的方法,并允许得出可观察的结果。局部守恒失效的典型电磁特征是在高频时产生纵向电辐射场,在低频时产生“缺失”磁场的小影响。这种故障的可能原因是超导体中的瞬时隧穿和相滑移。对于相数不确定性关系ΔNΔφ ~ 1适用的宏观量子系统,异常源I=∂ρ+∇·j的期望值具有量子涨落,从而成为弱非麦克斯韦场的随机源。
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Electromagnetic Signatures of Possible Charge Anomalies in Tunneling
We reconsider some well-known tunneling processes from the point of view of Aharonov-Bohm electrodynamics, a unique extension of Maxwell’s theory which admits charge-current sources that are not locally conserved. In particular we are interested into tunneling phenomena having relatively long range (otherwise the non-Maxwellian effects become irrelevant, especially at high frequency) and involving macroscopic wavefunctions and coherent matter, for which it makes sense to evaluate the classical e.m. field generated by the tunneling particles. For some condensed-matter systems, admitting discontinuities in the probability current is a possible way of formulating phenomenological models. In such cases, the Aharonov-Bohm theory offers a logically consistent approach and allows to derive observable consequences. Typical e.m. signatures of the failure of local conservation are at high frequency the generation of a longitudinal electric radiation field, and at low frequency a small effect of “missing” magnetic field. Possible causes of this failure are instant tunneling and phase slips in superconductors. For macroscopic quantum systems in which the phase-number uncertainty relation ΔNΔφ∼1 applies, the expectation value of the anomalous source I=∂tρ+∇·j has quantum fluctuations, thus becoming a random source of weak non-Maxwellian fields.
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来源期刊
Quantum Reports
Quantum Reports Physics and Astronomy-Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous)
CiteScore
3.30
自引率
0.00%
发文量
33
审稿时长
10 weeks
期刊最新文献
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