An Energy-Aware and Fault-Tolerant WSN Routing Approach Using Serial Exponential Newton Metaheuristic Algorithm for Agricultural Lands

Abstract Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is becoming a promising platform, in which Sensor Nodes (SNs) can sense and monitor the physical or environmental conditions and send the data to the Base Station (BS) through multi-hop routing. Here, opting for the right Cluster Head Selection (CHS) is the key to enhancing the clustering routing protocol performance. Here, a new optimization model to prolong the lifetime of the network and progress the energy efficiency in the routing process is anticipated. The Serial Exponential Newton Meta heuristic algorithm (SExpNMA) is developed for CHS and routing. The parameters like energy, Link Lifetime (LLT), and delay, are considered as the fitness function of the proposed SExpNMA to select the optimal solution. Ultimately, the performance analysis clearly reveals that the SExpNMA technique attains the maximum residual energy of 0.515 J, LLT of 0.346, the throughput of 0.617, and minimum delay of 0.236 s, respectively.