Negatively buoyant CO2 solution sequestration in synformal traps

Dissolving CO2 into water or brine produces a denser fluid than the CO2-free equivalent at all salinity, temperature and pressure conditions relevant to sedimentary basins. Negative buoyancy of CO2 solutions opens the possibility of utilizing negative-relief trapping configurations for CO2 sequestration, as opposed to structural highs conventionally sought for positively buoyant fluids, such as hydrocarbons or pure CO2. Exploring sedimentary basins for negative buoyancy traps can readily utilize hydrocarbon exploration datasets and techniques. Some major systemic differences when exploring for negative as opposed to positive buoyancy traps are examined here. Trap spatial scale is a consideration due to the inherent long-wavelength synformal geometry of basins. Antiforms are areally restricted relative to synforms, which may be embedded within larger-scale synformal closure at length scales right up to that of the basin itself. Multiscale synformal structures vary with basin type and may not be fully identified due to truncation effects arising from data-coverage limitations. Similar to hydrocarbon exploration, CO2 trap exploration must consider potential sequestration volumes in an uncertainty and risk framework. Charge risk is unnecessary in sequestration projects; however, the multiscale nature of synformal traps should be considered when estimating the range of storage volumes. Thematic collection: This article is part of the Geoscience for CO2 storage collection available at: https://www.lyellcollection.org/cc/geoscience-for-co2-storage