Extraction of bioactive lipids from Pleuroncodes monodon using organic solvents and supercritical CO2

A huge volume of Engraulis ringens (Peruvian anchoveta) is caught together with the species Pleuroncodes monodon (munida), whose potential bioactive lipids are not commercially exploited. In the present study, lipid with carotenoid pigment (astaxanthin) and essential fatty acids (EPA+DHA) were obtained from munida lipids extracted with hexane:isopropyl alcohol (He-I), acetone (Ac), ethanol (Et) and supercritical CO2 + ethanol (SC-CO2-Et). The functional quality of the fatty acids was determined by atherogenicity index (AI), thrombogenicity index (TI) and the hypocholesterolemia:hypercholesterolemia (H:H) ratio. The highest astaxanthin (ASTX) contents (4238.65 and 4086.71 µg/g lipid) corresponded to extractions using Ac and SC-CO2-Et. EPA+DHA ranged from 31.15 to 31.85% and the functional quality ranges were between 0.56-0.61 (AI), 0.19-0.21 (TI) and 1.73-1.81 (H:H). Consequently, SC-CO2-Et extraction would be advisable because of its low environmental impact. The IA and IT quality indexes suggest that the consumption of munida lipids would be healthy, although the H:H ratio shows the opposite.