梯度钢铸件的组织与磨损

S. Kondratyuk, V. I. Veis, Z. Parkhomchuk, V.A. Loktyonov-Remyzovskii
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引用次数: 1

摘要

在1570°C–1670°C的温度范围内,熔体在平衡液相线上的过热及其在铸件结晶和结构形成过程中的冷却速率对主要宏观结构区的长度和形态、晶粒分散、精细晶体结构特征的形成的影响,研究了铸态组织不同的25L钢铸件截面上的硬度和磨料磨损强度。确定了这些指标根据结晶的热动力学条件的规律变化。显示了在铸件不同结构区的结晶过程中,由于熔体过冷程度不同,熔体冷却速率对铸件组织的形态和分散性的决定性影响。由于与铸件快速冷却表面的距离,并考虑到熔体过热温度从1570ºC上升到1670ºC,晶粒尺寸分别从5…7个数字到1…2个数字不等。在结晶过程中的正常除热率的情况下,铸件中的晶粒尺寸从4…2到-1…-2不等。钢在不同结构区的耐磨性特征与铸件结构特征和铸件横截面强度的变化有关。研究结果为开发新的铸造技术以生产在特殊操作条件下具有不同性能的铸造产品开辟了前景。关键词:梯度结构,结构区,熔体,磨损。
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Structure and wear of gradient steel castings
The effect of overheating of the melt over the equilibrium liquidus in the temperature range 1570 °C – 1670 °C and the rate of its cooling during crystallization and structure formation of castings on the formation of the length and morphology of the main macrostructural zones, grain dispersion, characteristics of the fine crystal structure, hardness and intensity of abrasive wear over the section of 25L steel castings with a differentiated cast structure was investigated. Regular changes of these indicators depending on thermokinetic conditions of crystallization are established. The determining influence of the melt cooling rate on the morphology and dispersion of the cast structure due to different degrees of melt supercooling during crystallization of different structural zones of castings is shown. As the distance from the rapidly cooling surface of the castings and taking into account the increase in the temperature of the melt overheat from 1570 ºC to 1670 ºC, the grain size varies from 5… 7 numbers to 1… 2 numbers, respectively. In the case of normal heat removal rate during crystallization, the grain size in the castings varies from 4… 2 to -1… -2 numbers. The determined characteristics of wear resistance of steel in different structural zones correlate with changes in the characteristics of the cast structure and the cross-sectional strength of castings. The research results open the prospect of developing new foundry technologies for the production of cast products with differential properties for special operating conditions. Keywords: gradient structure, structural zones, melt, wear.
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