无线射频识别站在监测鱼类通过水源路口和自然河段的新应用

Ian Macleod, C. Gagen
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引用次数: 0

摘要

在瓦奇塔国家森林内,道路和溪流相交数千次。许多这样的道路交叉口改变了河流水文,并可能限制鱼类的纵向流动。为了调查这些道路交叉口对鱼类通道的潜在影响,我们在2012年和2013年监测了3种分别用射频识别(RFID)标签标记的本地鱼类(n=2171)的活动。我们在2条有路口的溪流和2条没有路口的参考溪流中安装了太阳能RFID站。4个监测站中的每个监测站都包括一对天线,将道路交叉口(或类似大小的自然范围)包围起来,以连续检测上游或下游通道。为了监测自然参考流,我们避免了全双工RFID技术,这将需要刚性的流内结构。或者,我们利用了RFID技术的新应用,如半双工有线天线的直接安装和八字形交叉天线设计。这些技术看起来很有前景,但技术上的困难限制了鱼类通道检测的一致性,从而限制了生态学结论的强度。即便如此,我们报告的证据表明,鱼类在参考河段的通过率明显高于有公路交叉口的河段。此外,Creek Chub(Semotilus atromaculatus)通过参考河段的比率明显高于Highland Stonerollers(Campostoma spadiceum),后者通过的比率高于Longear Sunfish(Lepomis megalotis)。溪流间歇性似乎加剧了与道路交叉口相关的通行率下降。
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New Applications of Radio Frequency Identification Stations for Monitoring Fish Passage through Headwater Road Crossings and Natural Reaches
Within the Ouachita National Forest, roads and streams intersect each other thousands of times. Many of these road crossings alter stream hydrology and potentially limit longitudinal fish movement. To investigate the potential impacts of these road crossings on fish passage, we monitored movements of 3 native fish species (n = 2,171) individually tagged with radio frequency identification (RFID) tags in 2012 and 2013. We installed solar-powered RFID stations in 2 streams with road crossings and 2 reference streams without road crossings. Each of the 4 monitoring stations included a pair of antennas bracketing a road crossing (or similarly-sized natural reach) to continuously detect upstream or downstream passage. To monitor natural reference streams, we avoided full-duplex RFID technology, which would have required rigid in-stream structures. Alternatively, we utilized new applications of RFID technology such as direct in-stream installation of half-duplex wire antennas and figure-eight crossover antenna designs. These techniques appear promising, but technical difficulties limited the consistency of fish passage detection and consequently limited the strength of ecological conclusions. Even so, we report evidence that fish passed at significantly higher rates across reference reaches than reaches with road crossings. Furthermore, Creek Chub (Semotilus atromaculatus) passed reference reaches at significantly higher rates than Highland Stonerollers (Campostoma spadiceum), which passed at higher rates than Longear Sunfish (Lepomis megalotis). Stream intermittency appeared to exacerbate reduced passage rates associated with the road crossings.
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