Epidemiological, demographic and clinical profile of traumatic brain injury patients

Context: Traumatic brain injury is a major public health problem worldwide with increasing incidence and severity in developing countries. In  India, it becomes a huge burden on society with a lack of proper preventive measures, public awareness, traffic sense and pre-hospital care. Therefore we studied the epidemiological profile and factors predicting outcome. Aims: To study the epidemiological, demographic profile of  TBI  patients to help to improve the healthcare facilities. Setting and design: It is an observational prospective study. Methods and materials: Overall  2134 patients with TBI  were enrolled. The data was collected according to the predesigned proforma. The demographic, epidemiological, clinical variables were analysed to determine the current trends and outcomes. Result: The male: female ratio was  2.21:1  with most cases from the age group of 21-30 years ( 29.42%). RTA  was the mode of injury in 64.48% of cases. Overall mortality was 10.91%. Overall descriptive data was suggestive of poor outcome in old patients, referred cases, acute SDH and brainstem lesions, hypoxic and hypotensive patients, associated injuries, pre-existing disease and with higher Rotterdam and ISS scores. Conclusion: The outcome is dependent on factors like geographical, demographic, pre-hospital, and patient-related. With knowledge about the causes, patterns, and distribution the prognosis of TBI patients can be improved.