PRESERVED MEMBRANE ON DINOSAUR EGGSHELL FRAGMENTS, UPPER JURASSIC MORRISON FORMATION, EASTERN UTAH

Abstract: Dinosaur eggshell fragments, from the Upper Jurassic Brushy Basin Member of the Morrison Formation, Utah, were examined using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy, and Raman Spectroscopy. Analyses revealed that the mammillary tips on the shell interior contain carbonaceous residue. Comparison under the FESEM of these shells with modern bird shells, including some samples heated to diagenetic temperatures, indicate that the residue is degraded organic compounds (DOC). Bird egg membrane is composed of interlaced collagen fibers. Features observed on, and common to, modern bird and dinosaur egg fragments include: (1) irregular-shaped calcium carbonate grains “floating” in an organic matrix; (2) three-dimensional organic fiber matrix; (3) external calcium carbonate molds of fibers in the mammillary bodies; and in heated specimens, (4) carbonaceous residue with ovate to circular pores. However, unlike birds' eggs, the dinosaur eggs contain a calcium carbonate tube around fibrous organic material that emerges from the tube and spreads laterally in a ‘puddle-like’ deposit. The sizes of circular organic matrix pores of the dinosaur egg fragments are significantly smaller than those in the bird shells. Gallus gallus domesticus eggshell membranes heated to diagenetic temperatures resulted in alteration of collagen fibers to gel-like substances. The organic matrix with ovate to circular pore openings and the puddle-like deposits in the dinosaur egg fragments are interpreted as the product of membrane thermal diagenesis. The recognition of carbonaceous residue of the shell membrane on dinosaur shell fragments opens newfound opportunities to explore DOC associated with fragmental dinosaur eggs.