Understanding the Users’ Intention to Use the Three-Factor Authentication for Preserving the Privacy of Patient Data

Abstract Digital health is the foundation for the future growth of healthcare. The healthcare industry is leveraging digital transformation to empower the association between physicians and patients and ameliorate health results. Researchers and experts in health informatics are eager to see how new technologies can be used in the healthcare domain to enable real-time health monitoring, such as remote access to users' health data, tracking and alerts, and real-time reporting, allowing doctors to better care for their patients. By improving the security, privacy, and interoperability of health records, as well as easing Health Information Exchanges (HIE), the adoption of healthcare technologies can be encouraged. This can be accomplished through the use of a three-factor authentication architecture, which not only increases information assurance at a cheap rate but also defends patients' privacy in dispersed systems. Hence, using Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), this paper reflects patients’ and health professionals’ intention to use and implement the three-factor authentication in the master component of information technology in health: Electronic Health Records (EHR) systems. User authentication is an important component that possibly is incorporated in Electronic Health Records (EHRs) to shield patient information and restrict access to the medical server by unauthorized individuals. This research aimed to discover the relationship between perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, perceived risk, trust, security and privacy, Information Integrity, and computer self-efficacy and the intention to use three-factor authentication for EHR systems. Respondents were requested to fill the questionnaire on their health data using google forms and partial least squares structural equation modeling was used to analyze around 193 responses. Results stipulated that intention to use was directly influenced mainly by perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, perceived risk, trust, and information integrity. Age, gender, and knowledge of data security and privacy were used to conduct a moderation analysis, which revealed significant variations between the groups in terms of the effectiveness of certain associations and the average responses between the variables. This will aid the researchers in identifying the latest trends and recognizing areas in the authentication system that need improvement.