Inelastic thermoelectric transport and fluctuations in mesoscopic systems

ABSTRACT In the past decade, a new research frontier emerges at the interface between physics and renewable energy, termed as inelastic thermoelectric effects, where inelastic transport processes play a key role. The study of inelastic thermoelectric effects broadens our understanding of thermoelectric phenomena and provides new routes towards high-performance thermoelectric energy conversion. Here, we review the main progress in this field, with a particular focus on inelastic thermoelectric effects induced by the electron-phonon and electron–photon interactions. We introduce the motivations, the basic pictures, and prototype models, as well as the unconventional effects induced by inelastic thermoelectric transport. These unconventional effects include the separation of heat and charge transport, the cooling by heating effect, the linear thermal transistor effect, nonlinear enhancement of performance, Maxwell demons, and cooperative effects. We find that elastic and inelastic thermoelectric effects are described by significantly different microscopic mechanisms and belong to distinct linear thermodynamic classes. We also pay special attention to the unique aspect of fluctuations in small mesoscopic thermoelectric systems. Finally, we discuss the challenges and future opportunities in the field of inelastic thermoelectrics. Graphical Abstract