Hazard-based overtaking duration model for mixed traffic

Overtaking time in two-lane undivided rural highways is vital for traffic safety and operations. This study used the hazard-based duration models to investigate the 117 accelerative overtaking maneuvers along a 44-km-long National Highway 61 in India. The data were collected for 28 drivers using an instrumented passenger car (PC) overtaking different vehicle classes such as motorized three-wheeler (M3W), PC, light commercial vehicle (LCV), and heavy vehicle (HV). The log-logistic distribution better represented the model for all overtaken vehicle classes. The survival and hazard function plots were developed for each vehicle class, and the observed inflection points were compared. The likelihood of overtaking was maximum at 9.2, 10.2, 9.6, and 11.8 sec for M3W, LCV, PC, and HV, respectively. The observed results can help evaluate overtaking opportunities based on overtaken vehicle class, better estimation of percentage time spent following for the level of service evaluation of two-lane undivided highways with mixed traffic streams.