Philippine-US Alliance in Transition: Towards Polycentric Relations?

The fragile Indo-Pacific security environment calls for recalibrating the Philippine-US alliance. Instead of attempting to revive the anachronistic hub-and-spokes system that tottered during the Duterte administration, Washington and Manila should move towards a polycentric type of relations that considers substate actors in conducting foreign affairs. This would be necessary to address traditional and non-traditional security concerns endangering the region’s stability.