原生微生物群落作为早期海洋水泥的催化剂:一项体外研究

IF 1.9 3区 地球科学 Q1 GEOLOGY Depositional Record Pub Date : 2022-06-22 DOI:10.1002/dep2.202
Mara R. Diaz, Gregor P. Eberli, Ralf J. Weger
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引用次数: 4

摘要

早期海相胶结作用是碳酸盐许多特征的基本过程,如陡坡的稳定。早期胶结物的成因通常归因于物理化学过程,但有证据表明微生物介导。为了阐明微生物和相关有机物质的作用,在巴哈马Schooner Cays的鲕粒中进行了存在和不存在本土微生物群的体外实验,并与来自巴哈马Joulter Cays的本土葡萄石进行了比较。通过体视显微镜、扫描电镜和与本地植物群体外培养的薄片分析,显微镜检查表明葡萄颗粒融合迅速,在30-60天内形成葡萄石。颗粒的初始结合主要是由细胞外聚合物物质和微生物群落的渗出物促进的,微生物群落在形成微晶桥、胶结物和结壳聚集体中起催化剂作用。在体外实验中,葡萄石与来自Joulter Cays的天然葡萄石相似,其粒间区域充满了细胞外聚合物质、微生物、微晶胶结物、无定形碳酸钙纳米颗粒和微晶化的外表面。这些相似性表明,与本地植物群的孵化遵循与自然环境相似的矿化机制。相比之下,无菌的谷物在60天后仍然松散,几乎没有晶体形成,没有微生物和有机渗出物。由于几乎没有沉淀物,非生物沉淀物不是促进早期胶结的驱动力。相比之下,颗粒融合是由微生物介导的,通过两种被动机制,其中细胞外聚合物物质和细胞表面作为晶体成核和生成微晶胶结物的模板,以及通过生物膜异养和自养诱导局部环境的化学改变,促进沉淀的主动机制。这项研究强调,微生物介导的胶结作用可以快速发生,并且在碳酸盐颗粒沉积后不久就会发生硬地到硬地和边坡稳定。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

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Indigenous microbial communities as catalysts for early marine cements: An in vitro study

Early marine cementation is a fundamental process for many characteristics of carbonates, like the stabilisation of steep slopes. The genesis of early cements is often attributed to physicochemical processes but there is evidence for microbial mediation. To elucidate the role of microbes and associated organic material, in vitro experiments were undertaken in the presence and absence of indigenous microbiota in ooids from Schooner Cays, Bahamas and compared with native grapestones from Joulter Cays, Bahamas. Microscopic examinations by stereomicroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and thin section analysis of in vitro incubations with native flora document rapid grain fusion, resulting in the formation of grapestones within 30–60 days. The initial binding of the grains is primarily facilitated by exudates of extracellular polymeric substances and microbial communities acting as catalysts in the formation of micritic bridges, cements and encrusted aggregates. In vitro grapestones are similar to native grapestones from Joulter Cays with intergranular areas infested with extracellular polymeric substances, microbes, micritic cements, amorphous calcium carbonate nanograins and micritised outer surfaces. These similarities suggest that incubations with native flora follow similar mineralisation mechanisms as in the natural environment. In contrast, sterilised grains remain loose with little crystal formation after 60 days and are devoid of microbes and organic exudates. Owing to the near absence of precipitates, abiotic precipitation is not the driving force promoting early cements. In contrast, grain fusion is microbially mediated via both a passive mechanism, where extracellular polymeric substances and cell surfaces function as templates for crystal nucleation and generation of micritic cements, and through an active mechanism by which biofilm heterotrophs and autotrophs induce chemical alterations of a local environment, facilitating precipitation. This study underscores that microbially mediated cementation can occur at fast rates and that firmground to hardgrounds and slope stabilisation take place shortly after deposition of carbonate grains.

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来源期刊
CiteScore
4.10
自引率
16.70%
发文量
42
审稿时长
16 weeks
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