Traffic congestion forecasting using multilayered deep neural network

This study proposes a multilayered deep neural network (MLDNN) and a congestion index (CI) based on traffic density factor to forecast traffic congestion directly. Data were collected in Delhi city from a selected location using video cameras during peak hours of weekdays from Monday to Sunday to test the proposed model. Collected data were categorized in a matrix format in the intervals of five-minutes. The input matrix was divided into a number of intervals to train, validate, and test the MLDNN and baseline models, including support vector regression, multi-layer perceptron neural network, gated recurrent unit (GRU) neural network, long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network, convolutional neural network (CNN), CNN-GRU neural network, and CNN-LSTM neural network. Results of the study show that the MLDNN and proposed CI can be applied to predict traffic congestion successfully in heterogeneous traffic.