神经内分泌学在兔育种中的应用

IF 0.8 4区 农林科学 Q3 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE World Rabbit Science Pub Date : 2021-12-29 DOI:10.4995/wrs.2021.12952
G. González-Mariscal
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引用次数: 1

摘要

成功的兔子生产在很大程度上依赖于使用适当的做法来增强繁殖的特定方面,如交配、排卵和泌乳。无论使用哪种生产单位或菌株的兔子,这些过程都依赖于一系列复杂的神经内分泌步骤,包括特定的激素、外周刺激和离散大脑区域的激活。例如,反射性排卵就是这样,它是对交配的反应,但在整个哺乳期都受到抑制。关于介导泌乳期无发情和取消单次哺乳期(生物刺激)后发情恢复的机制知之甚少。然而,后一种程序(在世界范围内采用以加速繁殖)对母鹿和她的幼崽产生了不必要的后果。在连续的生物刺激后,前者表现出生育能力和体重的下降。在试剂盒中,观察到其成年后对轻度厌恶刺激的神经内分泌反应发生了变化,性行为也有所减少。除了牛奶的摄入,一个好的窝对正常的窝仔生长和发育至关重要。如果这不可用,或者它恶化了,兔子管理员可以很容易地(重新)用其他兔子剪下的头发或使用合成材料建造一只。哺乳确实会很好地哺育它们自己或“外来”的幼崽,它们被安置在巢穴中。窝里至少有六个哺乳包是至关重要的,因为母鹿依靠这种刺激来维持正常的哺乳行为,即在整个哺乳期每天只哺乳一次。最近的研究揭示了发情期、哺乳期和生物刺激期雌蛛对交配反应的异同。这些发现与反射性排卵的可能性以及精液中所含因素的额外贡献的相关性值得进行更深入的研究。通过促进世界各地学术实验室和兔子生产环境之间更丰富的互动,可以对这些问题产生新的见解,这对生殖神经内分泌学至关重要。
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Neuroendocrinology applied to rabbit breeding
Successful rabbit production relies heavily on the use of adequate practices that enhance specific aspects of reproduction, such as mating, ovulation and lactation. Regardless of the type of production unit or strain of rabbits used, these processes rely on a complex chain of neuroendocrine steps that include particular hormones, peripheral stimuli and activation of discrete brain regions. Such is the case, for instance, of reflex ovulation, which occurs in response to copulation but is inhibited throughout lactation. Little is known about the mechanisms mediating lactational anoestrus and the restoration of oestrus following the cancellation of a single suckling episode (biostimulation). Nevertheless, the latter procedure (adopted worldwide to accelerate reproduction) has unwanted consequences for the doe and her litter. After successive episodes of biostimulation, the former shows a loss of fertility and body mass. In the kits, alterations are observed in their neuroendocrine response to mildly aversive stimulation in adulthood, as well as reductions in sexual behaviour. In addition to milk intake, a good nest is essential for normal litter growth and development. If this is not available, or if it deteriorates, rabbit caretakers can easily (re) build one from hair sheared off other rabbits or using synthetic material. Lactating does will nurse equally well their own or ‘alien’ young, placed inside the nest. It is crucial to have a minimum of six suckling kits in the nest, as the doe relies on this stimulation to maintain a normal nursing behaviour, i.e., only once a day throughout lactation. Recent work is revealing the similarities and differences in the responsiveness to mating among oestrous, lactating and biostimulated does. The relevance of these findings for the likelihood of reflex ovulation and the additional contribution of factors contained in the semen warrant more in-depth research. New insights on these issues, essential to reproductive neuroendocrinology, can emerge by fostering a richer interaction between academic laboratories and rabbit production settings worldwide.
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来源期刊
World Rabbit Science
World Rabbit Science 农林科学-奶制品与动物科学
CiteScore
1.70
自引率
25.00%
发文量
22
审稿时长
>36 weeks
期刊介绍: World Rabbit Science is the official journal of the World Rabbit Science Association (WRSA). One of the main objectives of the WRSA is to encourage communication and collaboration among individuals and organisations associated with rabbit production and rabbit science in general. Subject areas include breeding, genetics, production, management, environment, health, nutrition, physiology, reproduction, behaviour, welfare, immunology, molecular biology, metabolism, processing and products. World Rabbit Science is the only international peer-reviewed journal included in the ISI Thomson list dedicated to publish original research in the field of rabbit science. Papers or reviews of the literature submitted to World Rabbit Science must not have been published previously in an international refereed scientific journal. Previous presentations at a scientific meeting, field day reports or similar documents can be published in World Rabbit Science, but they will be also subjected to the peer-review process. World Rabbit Science will publish papers of international relevance including original research articles, descriptions of novel techniques, contemporaryreviews and meta-analyses. Short communications will only accepted in special cases where, in the Editor''s judgement, the contents are exceptionally exciting, novel or timely. Proceedings of rabbit scientific meetings and conference reports will be considered for special issues. World Rabbit Science is published in English four times a year in a single volume. Authors may publish in World Rabbit Science regardless of the membership in the World Rabbit Science Association, even if joining the WRSA is encouraged. Views expressed in papers published in World Rabbit Science represent the opinion of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official policy of the WRSA or the Editor-in-Chief.
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