HPA-ZSM-5 nanocomposite as high-performance catalyst for the synthesis of indenopyrazolones

Abstract tHPA-ZSM-5 nanocomposites as a superior catalyst have been applied for the synthesis of indenopyrazolones through a three-component reaction of phenylhydrazine, benzaldehydes, and indan-1,2,3-trione at room temperature in acetonitrile. The zeolite catalyst has been characterized by X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electronic microscopes, Fourier transform infrared, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and N2-adsorption analysis. The various aromatic aldehydes can be utilized in this method. These results showed that aromatic aldehydes with electron-withdrawing groups reacted faster than aldehydes with electron-releasing groups. Experimental simplicity, excellent yields in short reaction times, reusability of the catalyst, and low catalyst loading are some of the substantial features of this method. Graphical abstract