Diagnosis of Coronary Artery Disease by Bat and Harris Hawk Meta-Heuristic Optimization Algorithms and Machine Learning Methods

Introduction : Methods of detecting Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) are often prone to error and are also expensive and painful for the patient; therefore, the development and introduction of accurate machine learning-based methods for diagnosing this condition is of high importance. This research aimed to help detect coronary artery disease using the Harris Hawks Optimization (HHO) algorithm and machine learning techniques. Methods : In this research, a novel approach based on feature selection was employed through a combination of HHO and machine learning techniques such as a Decision Tree (DT) and k-Nearest Neighbors algorithm (k-NN). To evaluate the proposed approach, we used two datasets (Cleveland & Z-Alizadeh-Sani) with medical records of 303 patients, and the evaluation was conducted by means of python 2016. Results : On the basis of the findings of this research, feature selection by using the Harris hawks optimization algorithm in combination with machine learning methods resulted in an increase in the accuracy of the results in such a way that in the case of Z-Alizadeh-Sani dataset, the percentage of accuracy in combination with a decision tree was equal to 0.98 and in combination with the k-nearest neighbors algorithm was equal to 0.78. Furthermore, the results of the Cleveland dataset showed that using the HHO in combination with a decision tree led to 88 percent accuracy and in combination with the k-nearest neighbors algorithm led to 77 percent accuracy. However, in the case of using all of the features (HHO only mode), accuracy was lower in all cases. Therefore, the HHO algorithm in combination with the decision tree was able to achieve the highest accuracy in diagnosing CAD in the feature selection mode compared to using all of the features. Conclusion : The results from this study showed that the Harris hawk optimization algorithm in combination with machine learning techniques can have a positive role in the process of selecting effective features in diagnosing coronary artery disease.