Spatial self-efficacy and spatial ability: an analysis of their relationship

ABSTRACT This pilot study examined the relationship between spatial self-efficacy and spatial ability in mentally rotating 3D objects while also considering the effects of gender and major. A sample of undergraduate and graduate students from a southwestern university was recruited, and their spatial self-efficacy and spatial ability were assessed using an adapted and improved spatial self-efficacy scale and a previously validated spatial ability scale. A linear regression analysis was conducted to investigate the relationship between spatial self-efficacy and spatial ability and to determine the effects of gender and major on this relationship. The results showed a significant positive relationship between spatial self-efficacy and spatial ability. However, when gender and major were considered, the individual predictors did not reach statistical significance. This study provides insights into the relationships between spatial self-efficacy, spatial ability, and the potential influences of gender and major in the context of mentally rotating 3D objects, utilising an adapted and improved spatial self-efficacy scale.