地下气候:基础设施、空心地球和人类世

IF 0.3 4区 社会学 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Nineteenth-Century Contexts-An Interdisciplinary Journal Pub Date : 2023-08-08 DOI:10.1080/08905495.2023.2241993
Sebastian Egholm Lund
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引用次数: 0

摘要

1658年出版的《乌恩-布里亚尔》一书中,英国博学家托马斯·布朗描述了17世纪50年代在沃尔辛厄姆附近的沙土中发现的“四十到五十个乌恩”([1658]2012,103)。Browne将这些被掩埋的骨灰瓮的黑暗内部称为“温室”——保护空间,与他所谓的“腐蚀上层世界的刺眼的空气原子”隔绝([1658]2012,112)。布朗认为地下是一个自然变化的规律和空气原子穿透的地方。在19世纪,布朗的言论逐渐融入到地下的一般想象中:一步一步,一条又一条隧道,一部又一部文学作品,地下被认为是人类可以暂停自然变化,退化和腐烂的腐败的地方。地下开始被理解为一个温室——不是为了外来植物和鲜花——而是为了人类;一个完全人为的领域在那里自然的混乱可以暂停。在这种背景下,自然的混乱常常被理解为气候的混乱:全球大气事件,如1816年无夏之年、大城市日益严重的空气污染、1858年的伦敦大恶臭、1884年的喀拉喀托火山爆发,以及人为气候变化的出现,使19世纪成为气候文化史上的一个重要时期。在这篇文章中,我认为通过人工和隔热来控制气候系统的愿望开始在新地下的材料和象征性雕刻中投机地表现出来。通过对贝亚德·泰勒(Bayard Taylor)等著名作家、路易斯·西蒙宁(Louis Simonin)等工程师、Émile gsamrards等科学家以及乔治·琼斯(George Jones)等画家所作的地下基础设施的描述,我们看到,19世纪英国和法国的地下世界的形象越来越强烈,它是一个理性的、无机的、完全人为的、气候可控的领域。它不再是一个虚构的与神话地狱相遇的场所,它被认为是未来世界的隐喻,在那里气候可以被控制、线性化和规范化——与地表混乱的气候相反。除了对地下基础设施空间的普遍猜测外,对地下大气的猜测在美国最为热烈
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Underground climate: infrastructure, Hollow Earth, and the Anthropocene
Early in his meditation on inhumation and history, Urne-Buriall (1658), English polymath Thomas Browne describes the discovery of “between fourty and fifty Urnes” ([1658] 2012, 103) in the sandy soil near Walsingham in the 1650s. Browne refers to the dark interiors of these buried urns as “conservatories” – spaces of conservation, insulated from what he calls “the piercing Atomes of ayre that corrupt the upper world” ([1658] 2012, 112). Browne regarded the underground as a place wherein the law of natural change, the piercing atoms of air was deferred. In the nineteenth century, Browne’s remarks were gradually integrated into the general imaginary of the subsurface: step by step, tunnel after tunnel, literary work after literary work, the underground was perceived as a place where humanity could suspend the corruption of natural change, degeneration, and decay. The underground came to be understood as a conservatory – not for exotic plants and flowers – but for the human; a strictly anthropogenic sphere where the chaos of nature could be suspended. The chaos of nature was in this context often understood as the chaos of climate: global atmospheric events such as the Year Without a Summer in 1816, growing air pollution in the greater cities, the Great Stink of London in 1858, the 1884 eruption of Krakatoa, and the nascence of anthropogenic climate change makes the nineteenth century a fundamental period in the cultural history of climate. In this article, I argue that the desire to control the climate system by artificialisation and insulation begins to be speculatively acted out in the material and symbolic carving out of the new underground. Interrogating representations of underground infrastructure made by popular authors such as Bayard Taylor, engineers such as Louis Simonin, scientists such as Émile Gérards, and painters such as George Jones, we see in the British and French nineteenth century an intensifying image of the underground as a rational, inorganic, and strictly anthropogenic sphere with a controllable climate. No longer a site for imaginary encounters with mythological hellholes, it is perceived as a metaphor for a future world where the climate can be controlled, linearised, and regularised – opposed to the chaotic climate of the surface. Other than the popular sources speculating on the space of underground infrastructure, speculation on the subterranean atmosphere was, most fervent in the
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来源期刊
CiteScore
0.20
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0.00%
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期刊介绍: Nineteenth-Century Contexts is committed to interdisciplinary recuperations of “new” nineteenth centuries and their relation to contemporary geopolitical developments. The journal challenges traditional modes of categorizing the nineteenth century by forging innovative contextualizations across a wide spectrum of nineteenth century experience and the critical disciplines that examine it. Articles not only integrate theories and methods of various fields of inquiry — art, history, musicology, anthropology, literary criticism, religious studies, social history, economics, popular culture studies, and the history of science, among others.
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