{"title":"广义不可传递骰子:模仿任意比赛","authors":"E. Akin","doi":"10.3934/jdg.2020030","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"A generalized $N$-sided die is a random variable $D$ on a sample space of $N$ equally likely outcomes taking values in the set of positive integers. We say of independent $N$ sided dice $D_i, D_j$ that $D_i$ beats $D_j$, written $D_i \\to D_j$, if $Prob(D_i > D_j) > \\frac{1}{2} $. Examples are known of intransitive $6$-sided dice, i.e. $D_1 \\to D_2 \\to D_3$ but $D_3 \\to D_1$. A tournament of size $n$ is a choice of direction $i \\to j$ for each edge of the complete graph on $n$ vertices. We show that if $R$ is tournament on the set $\\{ 1, \\dots, n \\}$, then for sufficiently large $N$ there exist sets of independent $N$-sided dice $\\{ D_1, \\dots, D_n \\}$ such that $D_i \\to D_j$ if and only if $i \\to j$ in $R$.","PeriodicalId":1,"journal":{"name":"Accounts of Chemical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":16.4000,"publicationDate":"2019-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"8","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Generalized intransitive dice: Mimicking an arbitrary tournament\",\"authors\":\"E. Akin\",\"doi\":\"10.3934/jdg.2020030\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"A generalized $N$-sided die is a random variable $D$ on a sample space of $N$ equally likely outcomes taking values in the set of positive integers. We say of independent $N$ sided dice $D_i, D_j$ that $D_i$ beats $D_j$, written $D_i \\\\to D_j$, if $Prob(D_i > D_j) > \\\\frac{1}{2} $. Examples are known of intransitive $6$-sided dice, i.e. $D_1 \\\\to D_2 \\\\to D_3$ but $D_3 \\\\to D_1$. A tournament of size $n$ is a choice of direction $i \\\\to j$ for each edge of the complete graph on $n$ vertices. We show that if $R$ is tournament on the set $\\\\{ 1, \\\\dots, n \\\\}$, then for sufficiently large $N$ there exist sets of independent $N$-sided dice $\\\\{ D_1, \\\\dots, D_n \\\\}$ such that $D_i \\\\to D_j$ if and only if $i \\\\to j$ in $R$.\",\"PeriodicalId\":1,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Accounts of Chemical Research\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":16.4000,\"publicationDate\":\"2019-01-28\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"8\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Accounts of Chemical Research\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.3934/jdg.2020030\",\"RegionNum\":1,\"RegionCategory\":\"化学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Accounts of Chemical Research","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.3934/jdg.2020030","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY","Score":null,"Total":0}
Generalized intransitive dice: Mimicking an arbitrary tournament
A generalized $N$-sided die is a random variable $D$ on a sample space of $N$ equally likely outcomes taking values in the set of positive integers. We say of independent $N$ sided dice $D_i, D_j$ that $D_i$ beats $D_j$, written $D_i \to D_j$, if $Prob(D_i > D_j) > \frac{1}{2} $. Examples are known of intransitive $6$-sided dice, i.e. $D_1 \to D_2 \to D_3$ but $D_3 \to D_1$. A tournament of size $n$ is a choice of direction $i \to j$ for each edge of the complete graph on $n$ vertices. We show that if $R$ is tournament on the set $\{ 1, \dots, n \}$, then for sufficiently large $N$ there exist sets of independent $N$-sided dice $\{ D_1, \dots, D_n \}$ such that $D_i \to D_j$ if and only if $i \to j$ in $R$.
期刊介绍:
Accounts of Chemical Research presents short, concise and critical articles offering easy-to-read overviews of basic research and applications in all areas of chemistry and biochemistry. These short reviews focus on research from the author’s own laboratory and are designed to teach the reader about a research project. In addition, Accounts of Chemical Research publishes commentaries that give an informed opinion on a current research problem. Special Issues online are devoted to a single topic of unusual activity and significance.
Accounts of Chemical Research replaces the traditional article abstract with an article "Conspectus." These entries synopsize the research affording the reader a closer look at the content and significance of an article. Through this provision of a more detailed description of the article contents, the Conspectus enhances the article's discoverability by search engines and the exposure for the research.