在富士山的开阔山区,日本卷尾猴(Capricornis crispus)的独特空间行为

IF 1.1 4区 生物学 Q4 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES acta ethologica Pub Date : 2023-03-23 DOI:10.1007/s10211-023-00418-4
Hayato Takada
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引用次数: 2

摘要

日本山羊(Capricornis crispus)表现出适应食物供应和气候条件相对稳定的森林栖息地的空间行为,如久坐习性、活动范围小、栖息地选择的季节性变化小。然而,以前没有在季节性变化大的山地开阔生境中进行调查。因此,我基于GPS定位数据,研究了日本中部富士山开阔山区的日本雪的空间行为。与森林种群相比,这些山地种群的年活动范围更大(雌性:316.5公顷,雄性:373.1公顷)。春、夏季住宅面积最大,冬季住宅面积最小,占最大面积的20.3% ~ 56.1%。有限的饲料和冬季恶劣的气候条件似乎推动了这种能量最小化的行为策略。植被类型和海拔的选择随季节而变化,可能是由于草料供应和气候条件的变化。山地动物的这些空间行为类似于一些相关的山地有蹄类动物,这意味着这些行为是对高度季节性的山地开放栖息地的适应。研究结果表明,影响空间行为的主要因素是生境特征,如气候、牧草丰度和季节性。这些发现为有蹄类动物空间行为的生态模式提供了支持,即封闭栖息地促进小而稳定的家园范围,而开放栖息地促进大而季节性波动的家园范围。
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Unique spatial behavior of the Japanese serow (Capricornis crispus) in the open mountains of Mt. Fuji

The Japanese serow (Capricornis crispus) exhibits spatial behavior adapted to forest habitats with relatively stable food supply and climatic conditions, such as sedentary habits, small home ranges, and little seasonal variation in habitat selection. However, investigations have not previously been conducted in open mountainous habitats with high seasonal variability. Therefore, I examined spatial behavior of the Japanese serow in an open mountainous region of Mt. Fuji, central Japan, based on GPS location data. These mountain-dwelling serows had much larger annual home ranges (female: 316.5 ha, male: 373.1 ha) compared with forest-dwelling populations. Spring and summer home range sizes were the largest, and winter home range size was the smallest, ranging from 20.3%–56.1% of maximum. Limited forage and harsh climatic conditions in winter seemed to drive such energy-minimizing behavioral strategies. Selection of vegetation types and elevation varied seasonally, likely because of changes in forage availability and climate conditions. These spatial behaviors in mountain-dwelling serows resemble those of several related mountain ungulates, implying that these behaviors are adaptations to highly seasonal open mountainous habitats. My findings suggest that the main factors affecting spatial behavior are habitat characteristics, such as climate, forage abundance, and seasonality. These findings provide support for an ecological pattern in ungulate spatial behavior whereby closed habitats promote small and stable home ranges, whereas open habitats promote large and seasonally fluctuating home ranges.

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来源期刊
acta ethologica
acta ethologica 生物-动物学
CiteScore
1.90
自引率
0.00%
发文量
18
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: acta ethologica publishes empirical and theoretical research papers, short communications, commentaries, reviews and book reviews as well as methods papers in the field of ethology and related disciplines, with a strong concentration on the behavior biology of humans and other animals. The journal places special emphasis on studies integrating proximate (mechanisms, development) and ultimate (function, evolution) levels in the analysis of behavior. Aspects of particular interest include: adaptive plasticity of behavior, inter-individual and geographic variations in behavior, mechanisms underlying behavior, evolutionary processes and functions of behavior, and many other topics. acta ethologica is an official journal of ISPA, CRL and the Portuguese Ethological Society (SPE)
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